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R 2.6.0 の変更予定
注意：オリジナル文書のすべてを翻訳・記載しているわけではありません。
> integrate(dnorm,0,2) 0.4772499 with absolute error < 5.3e-15 > integrate(dnorm,0,2,subdivisions=200) 0.4772499 with absolute error < 5.3e-15 > integrate(dnorm,0,2,subdiv=200) # 省略が許された 0.4772499 with absolute error < 5.3e-15
> integrate(dnorm,0,2) 0.4772499 with absolute error < 5.3e-15 > integrate(dnorm,0,2,subdivisions=200) 0.4772499 with absolute error < 5.3e-15 > integrate(dnorm,0,2,subdiv=200) # 省略は許されないようになった 以下にエラーf(x, ...) : 使われていない引数 (subdiv = 200) # subdib=20 は dnorm の引数だと思われてしまうのだ
> nchar("あいうえおabcde")
[1] 20
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="chars")
[1] 10
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="bytes")
[1] 20
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="width")
[1] 15> nchar("あいうえおabcde")
[1] 10
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="chars")
[1] 10
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="bytes")
[1] 20
> nchar("あいうえおabcde", type="width")
[1] 15> x <- c("abcd", "efgh", "abce")
> abbreviate(x, 2)
abcd efgh abce
"abcd" "ef" "abce"
> x <- c("abcd", "efgh", "abce")
> abbreviate(x, 2, method="both") # "ce"が省略形といえるかどうかはかなり疑問
abcd efgh abce
"ab" "ef" "ce" > testDF <- data.frame(v1 = c(1,3,5,7,8,3,5,NA,4,5,7,9),
+ v2 = c(11,33,55,77,88,33,55,NA,44,55,77,99) )
> by1 <- c("red","blue",1,2,NA,"big",1,2,"red",1,NA,12)
> by2 <- c("wet","dry",99,95,NA,"damp",95,99,"red",99,NA,NA)
> df <- aggregate(x = testDF, by = list(by1, by2), FUN = "mean")
> df
Group.1 Group.2 v1 v2
1 1 95 5 55
2 2 95 7 77
3 1 99 5 55
4 2 99 NA NA
5 big damp 3 33
6 blue dry 3 33
7 red red 4 44
8 red wet 1 11
> class(df[,1]) # R 2.5.1 までは factor になった
[1] "character"
> class(df[,2]) # R 2.5.1 までは factor になった
[1] "character"> apropos("summary")
[1] "summary.aov" "summary.aovlist" "summary.glm"
[4] "summary.infl" "summary.lm" "summary.manova"
[7] "summary.mlm" "summary.stepfun" "summaryRprof"
[10] ".__C__summary.table" ".__M__Summary:base" ".__T__Summary:base"
[13] "Summary" "Summary.Date" "Summary.POSIXct"
[16] "Summary.POSIXlt" "Summary.data.frame" "Summary.difftime"
[19] "Summary.factor" "Summary.package_version" "print.summary.table"
[22] "summary" "summary.Date" "summary.POSIXct"
[25] "summary.POSIXlt" "summary.connection" "summary.data.frame"
[28] "summary.default" "summary.factor" "summary.matrix"
[31] "summary.table" > apropos("summary")
[1] ".__C__summary.table" ".__M__Summary:base" ".__T__Summary:base"
[4] "Summary" "Summary.Date" "Summary.POSIXct"
[7] "Summary.POSIXlt" "Summary.data.frame" "Summary.difftime"
[10] "Summary.factor" "Summary.numeric_version" "print.summary.table"
[13] "summary" "summary.Date" "summary.POSIXct"
[16] "summary.POSIXlt" "summary.aov" "summary.aovlist"
[19] "summary.connection" "summary.data.frame" "summary.default"
[22] "summary.factor" "summary.glm" "summary.infl"
[25] "summary.lm" "summary.manova" "summary.matrix"
[28] "summary.mlm" "summary.stepfun" "summary.table"
[31] "summaryRprof" > x <- 1:10 > attr(x, "dim") <- c(2,5) > attr(x, "dim") [1] 2 5 > attr(x, "di") [1] 2 5 > attr(x, "di", exact=TRUE) # 完全一致を要求する（"di" というアトリビュートはない） NULL
> x <- c(1:5,3) > duplicated(x) [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE > duplicated(x, fromLast=TRUE) [1] FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE > unique(x) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 > unique(x, fromLast=TRUE) [1] 1 2 4 5 3
> x <- data.frame(x=1:5, y=letters[1:5]) > row(x) 以下にエラーrow(x) : 'row/col' 関数の引数は行列でなければなりませんR 2.6.0 から
> x <- data.frame(x=1:5, y=letters[1:5])
> row(x)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 1
[2,] 2 2
[3,] 3 3
[4,] 4 4
[5,] 5 5> Add <- function(x) Reduce("+", x, 0)
> Add(list(1, 2, 3))
> Filter
function (f, x)
{
ind <- as.logical(sapply(x, f))
x[!is.na(ind) & ind]
}
<environment: namespace:base>
> Map
function (f, ...)
mapply(f, ..., SIMPLIFY = FALSE) # mapply の特殊シュガーコートか
<environment: namespace:base>> sqrt(-1)
[1] NaN
Warning message:
計算結果が NaN になりました in: sqrt(-1)
> read.table("foo")
以下にエラーfile(file, "r") : コネクションを開くことができません
追加情報: Warning message:
ファイル 'foo' を開くことができません, 理由は'No such file or directory'です in: file(file, "r") > sqrt(-1)
[1] NaN
Warning message:
In sqrt(-1) : 計算結果が NaN になりました
> read.table("foo")
以下にエラーfile(file, "r") : コネクションを開くことができません
追加情報: Warning message:
In file(file, "r") :
ファイル 'foo' を開くことができません, 理由は'No such file or directory'です> sequence(c(3,2)) [1] 1 2 3 1 2 > sequence(c(-3,-2)) [1] 1 0 -1 -2 -3 1 0 -1 -2 > sequence(0) [1] 1 0 > sequence(-1) [1] 1 0 -1
> sequence(c(3,2)) [1] 1 2 3 1 2 > sequence(c(-3,-2)) 以下にエラーFUN(c(-3, -2)[[1L]], ...) : 引数は非負でなければなりません > sequence(0) integer(0) > sequence(-1) 以下にエラーFUN(-1[[1L]], ...) : 引数は非負でなければなりません
> match.arg(c("abcdef", "k"), c("abc", "defk", "jk"), several.ok=TRUE)
以下にエラーmatch.arg(c("abcdef", "jk"), c("abc", "defk", "jk"), several.ok = TRUE) :
'arg' は以下の一つでなければなりません： abc, defk, jk> match.arg(c("abcdef", "j"), c("abc", "defk", "jk"), several.ok=TRUE)
[1] "jk"
> julian(as.POSIXct("2007-09-01"), origin = as.POSIXct("1970-01-01", tz="GMT"))
Time difference of 13756.62 days
> julian(as.POSIXlt("2007-09-01"), origin = as.POSIXlt("1970-01-01", tz="GMT"))
以下にエラーjulian.POSIXt(as.POSIXlt("2007-09-01"), origin = as.POSIXlt("1970-01-01", :
'origin' は長さ 1 でなければなりません> julian(as.POSIXct("2007-09-01"), origin = as.POSIXct("1970-01-01", tz="GMT"))
Time difference of 13756.62 days
> julian(as.POSIXlt("2007-09-01"), origin = as.POSIXlt("1970-01-01", tz="GMT"))
Time difference of 13756.62 days> HairEyeColor
, , Sex = Male
Eye
Hair Brown Blue Hazel Green
Black 32 11 10 3
Brown 38 50 25 15
Red 10 10 7 7
Blond 3 30 5 8
, , Sex = Female
Eye
Hair Brown Blue Hazel Green
Black 36 9 5 2
Brown 81 34 29 14
Red 16 7 7 7
Blond 4 64 5 8> HairEyeColor
, , Sex = Male
Eye
Hair Brown Blue Hazel Green
Black 32 11 10 3
Brown 53 50 25 15
Red 10 10 7 7
Blond 3 30 5 8
, , Sex = Female
Eye
Hair Brown Blue Hazel Green
Black 36 9 5 2
Brown 66 34 29 14
Red 16 7 7 7
Blond 4 64 5 8> chartr("a", "b", "abaあaba")
[1] "bbb"> chartr("a", "b", "abaあaba")
[1] "bbbあbbb"
plot260.png
plot251.png
