R 2.1.0 の変更点
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[[オリジナル文書>http://cran.r-project.org/src/base/NEWS]]
#contents
*ユーザに見える変更
-箱ひげ図（boxplot() や bxp() の出力）で、median line が...
-Unix系OSで、OSが実装しているならば、ロケールにUTF-8を使...
-connection 操作における 'encoding' の意味が変わりました...
-翻訳処理を容易にするために、warning/error メッセージのフ...
-"\"が含まれるテキストファイルを読み込む場合(Windowsファ...
*新しい特徴
o %% now warns if its accuracy is likely to be affect...
of precision (as in 1e18 %% 11, the unrealistic expectat...
PR#7409), and tries harder to return a value in range wh...
-abbreviate()は、英語用に作られているため、ASCII以外で使...
o The default methods for add1() and drop1() check fo...
in the number of cases in use.
The "lm" and "glm" methods for add1() quoted the <none> ...
on the original fitted values when using (with a warning...
smaller set of cases for the expanded models.
-ビープを鳴らす、あるいはヴィジュアルベルを起こす関数 ala...
-all/any() が、the Blue Book に記載されているように、引数...
-多変量解析線形モデルのための関数を追加： anova.mlm(), SS...
vcov() は、 "mlm" クラスのオブジェクトに対して、より有用...
// o New functions for multivariate linear models: ano...
// SSD(), estVar(), mauchley.test() (for sphericity).
//
// vcov() now does something more sensible for "mlm" clas...
-as.data.frame.table() が新しい引数 'responseName' を持つ...
o as.dist() and cophenetic() are now generic, and the...
new method for objects of class "dendrogram".
o as.ts() is now generic.
o binomial() has a new "cauchit" link (suggested by R...
o chisq.test() has a new argument 'rescale.p'. It is...
to simulate (slowly) the P value also in the 1D case
(contributed by Rolf Turner).
-choose(n,k) と lchoose(.) が、一般の二項定理にしたがって...
-色の補間を行う関数 colorRamp() と colorRampPalette() が...
o colSums()/rowSums() now allow arrays with a zero-le...
(requested by PR#7775).
o confint() has stub methods for classes "glm" and "n...
invoke those in package MASS. This avoids using the "lm"
method for "glm" objects if MASS is not attached.
confint() has a default method using asymptotic normality.
-contr.SAS() が、'nlme' パッケージから 'stats' パッケージ...
-色空間の間のマッピングを行う関数 convertColors() が追加...
o The cov() function in the non-Pearson cases now ran...
removal of missing values, not before. The pairwise-comp...
method should now be consistent with cor.test. (Code
contributed by Shigenobu Aoki.)
-関数 delayedAssign() が追加されました。これにより、delay...
// o Added delayedAssign() function to replace delay()...
// deprecated.
-dir.create() に引数 'recursive' が追加されました。これは...
-do.call() が、最初の引数として関数名か文字列、どちらも受...
o duplicated() and unique() now accept "list" objects...
fast only for simple list objects.
o ecdf() now has jumps of the correct size (a multipl...
if there are ties. (Wished by PR#7292).
o eff.aovlist() assumed orthogonal contrasts for any ...
with more than one degree of freedom: this is now docume...
and checked for. Where each term only occurs in only one
stratum the efficiencies are all one: this is detected and
orthogonal contrasts are not required.
-encodeString() は、print が行うのと同様の方法で、文字列...
-file("clipboard") が、Unix系で X11 ディスプレイを用いて...
セカンダリセレクションを読み込むこともできます。 ?file を...
file() が、 "w+" だけでなく "w+b" をサポートするようにな...
-file.append() が、多数のファイルをあるファイルに追加する...
-関数 flush.console() と select.list() が、全てのプラット...
-gc() が、現在のメモリ使用量だけでなく、最大量も報告する...
-新しい関数 getGrahicsEvent() が追加されました。これは、...
-グレースケールカラーパレットのための関数 gray.colors()/g...
o grep(), gsub(), sub() and regexpr() now always atte...
coerce their 'pattern', 'x', 'replacement' and 'text'
arguments to character. Previously this was undocumente...
done by [g]sub() and regexpr() for some values of their
other arguments. (Wish of PR#7742.)
-gsub/sub() が新しく 'fixed' メソッドを持つようになりまし...
-与えた色度,彩度,明度（i.e. peerceptual hsv）に対応する色...
-isTRUE() は、プログラミングで使用するのに便利な関数です。
-kemans() は、print() メソッドをもつクラス "kmeans" のオ...
2つの選択可能なアルゴリズムが実装されています。~
中心の数が提供されているならば、multiple random starts と...
// If the number of centres is supplied, it has a new opt...
// multiple random starts.
-layout() のグリッドサイズの限界が、文書化されました。ま...
-legend() が、"topleft" といったキーワードによる位置指定...
o mahalanobis() now has a '...' argument which is pas...
for computing the inverse of the covariance matrix, this...
the former 'tol.inv' argument.
-menu() が、選択肢（choice）が10個より多いときは、マルチ...
menu(graphics = TRUE) は、多くのプラットフォームにおいて...
o New function message() in 'base' for generating "si...
diagnostic messages, replacing such a function in the
'methods' package.
o na.contiguous() is now (S3) generic with first argu...
renamed to 'object'.
-normalizePath() は、標準パスを見付ける、新しい関数です（...
// o New function normalizePath() to find canonical pa...
// Windows, canonical names of components).
-options("expressions") のデフォルト値が 5000 に増加され...
また、設定可能最大値も 500000 になっています。
o p.adjust() has a new method "BY".
o pbeta() now uses a different algorithm for large va...
least one of the shape parameters, which is much faster ...
accurate and reliable for very large values. (This affe...
pbinom(), pf(), qbeta() and other functions using pbeta ...
level.)
o pch="." now by default produces a rectangle at leas...
side on high-resolution devices. (It used to be one-pixel
square even on high-resolution screens and Windows print...
but 1/72" on postscript() and pdf() devices.) Additiona...
the size is now scalable by 'cex'; see ?points and note ...
the details are subject to change.
-pdf() が引数 'paper' と 'pagecentre' に応じるようになり...
o plot.data.frame() tries harder to produce sensible ...
non-numeric data frames with one or two columns.
o The predict() methods for "prcomp" and "princomp" n...
the columns of 'newdata' to the original fit using column
names if these are available.
-recordGraphics() は、グラフィクスエンジンディスプレイリ...
使用には注意してください。
o New function RSiteSearch() to query R-related resou...
on-line (contributed by Jonathan Baron and Andy Liaw).
o scan() arranges to share storage of duplicated char...
strings read in: this can dramatically reduce the memory
requirements for large character vectors which will
subsequently be turned into factors with relatively few
levels. For a million items this halved the time and re...
storage by a factor of 20.
scan() has a new argument 'allowEscapes' (default TRUE) ...
controls when C-style escapes in the input are interpret...
Previously only \n and \r were interpreted, and then only
within quoted strings when no separator was supplied.
scan() used on an open connection now pushes back on the
connection its private `ungetc' and so is safer to use to
read partial lines.
o scatter.smooth() and loess.smooth() now handle miss...
in their inputs.
-seq.Date() および seq.POSIXt() で、'by' が負の場合には、...
o sprintf() has been enhanced to allow the POSIX/XSI ...
like "%2$6d", and also accepts "%x" and "%X".
sprintf() does limited coercion of its arguments.
sprintf() accepts vector arguments and operates on them in
parallel (after re-cycling if needed).
-文字ベクトルを指定幅にトリミングする関数 strtrim() が追...
-subset() が行列に対するメソッドを持つようになりました。
// o subset() now has a method for matrices, similar t...
// data frames.
-summaryRprof() のアルゴリズムが高速化されました。
-sunflowerplot() が新しい引数 'col' と 'bg' を持つことに...
-sys.function() が、引数 'which' を持つことになりました（...
o Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", ) now only sets the locale ...
which R uses, and Sys.setlocale("LC_NUMERIC", ) now give...
warning (as it can cause R to malfunction).
o unclass() is no longer allowed for environments and...
pointers (since these cannot be copied and so unclass() ...
destructive of its argument). You can still change the
"class" attribute.
o File-name matching is no longer case-insensitive wi...
connections, even on Windows.
o New argument 'immediate.' to warning() to send an i...
warning.
o New convenience wrappers write.csv() and write.csv2...
o There is a new version for write.table() which is i...
For simple matrices and data frames this is several times
faster than before, and uses negligible memory compared ...
object size.
The old version (which no longer coerces a matrix to a d...
frame and then back to a matrix) is available for now as
write.table0().
-関数 xinch(), yinch(), xyinch() が、'grDevices' パッケー...
o Plotmath now allows underline in expressions. (PR#...
contributed by Uwe Ligges.)
o BATCH on Unix no longer sets --gui="none" as the X1...
is only loaded if needed.
o The X11 module (and the hence X11(), jpeg() and png...
and the X-based dataentry editor) is now in principle
available under all Unix GUIs except --gui="none", and t...
reflected in capabilities().
capabilities("X11") determines if an X server can be acc...
and so is more likely to be accurate.
o Printing of arrays now honours the 'right' argument...
are more than two dimensions.
o Tabular printing of numbers now has headers right-j...
they were prior to version 1.7.0 (spotted by Rob Baer).
-遅延ロードするデータベースが、最初に使用されるときにメモ...
これにより、標準メモリ使用量が（2Mb 未満ですが）増加して...
o The implicit class structure for numeric vectors ha...
changed, so that integer/real vectors try first methods ...
class "integer"/"double" and then those for class "numer...
The implicit classes for matrices and arrays have been c...
to be "matrix"/"array" followed by the class(es) of the
underlying vector.
o splines::splineDesign() now allows the evaluation o...
basis everywhere instead of just inside the "inner" knot...
setting the new argument `outer.ok = TRUE'.
-ハッシュが以前の半分しかメモリを使用しないようになりまし...
o Readline is not used for tilde expansion when R is ...
--no-readline, nor from embedded applications. Then "~na...
is no longer expanded, but "~" still is.
-正規表現が glibc 2.3.3 ベースになりました。POSIX により...
// o The regular expression code is now based on that ...
// It has stricter conformance to POSIX, so metachars suc...
// { } + * may need to be escaped where before they did not
// (but could have been).
o New encoding 'TeXtext.enc' improves the way postscr...
with Computer Modern fonts.
o Replacement in a non-existent column of a data fram...
harder to create a column of the correct length and so a...
corrupt data frame.
o For Windows and readline-based history, the saved f...
re-read from R_HISTSIZE immediately before saving.
o Collected warnings during start-up are now printed ...
initial prompt rather than after the first command.
o Changes to package 'grid':
- preDrawDetails(), drawDetails(), and postDrawDetails()
methods are now recorded on the graphics engine
display list. This means that calculations within th...
methods are now run when a device is resized or
when output is copied from one device to another.
- Fixed bug in grid.text() when 'rot' argument has lengt...
(privately reported by Emmanuel Paradis)
- New getNames() function to return just the names of al...
grobs on the display list.
- Recording on the grid display list is turned off within
preDrawDetails(), drawDetails(), and postDrawDetails()...
- Grid should recover better from errors or user-interru...
during drawing (i.e., not leave you in a strange viewp...
or with strange graphical parameter settings).
- New function grid.refresh() to redraw the grid display...
- New function grid.record() to capture calculations
with grid graphics output.
- grobWidth and grobHeight ("grobwidth" and "grobheight"...
for primitives (text, rects, etc, ...) are now
calculated based on a bounding box for the relevant gr...
NOTE: this has changed the calculation of the size of ...
rect (or circle or lines).
- New arguments 'warn' and 'wrap' for function grid.grab()
- New function grid.grabExpr() which captures the output...
an expression (i.e., not from the current scene) without
doing any drawing (i.e., no impact on the current scen...
- upViewport() now (invisibly) returns the path that it ...
(suggested by Ross Ihaka).
- The 'gamma' gpar has been deprecated (this is a device...
not a property of graphical objects; suggested by Ross...
- New 'lex' gpar; a line width multiplier.
- grid.text() now handles any language object as mathema...
annotation (instead of just expressions).
- plotViewport() has default value for 'margins' argumen...
the default value for par(mar)).
- The 'extension' argument to dataViewport() can now be ...
in which case the first value is used to extend the xs...
the second value is used to extend the y scale.
(suggested by Ross Ihaka).
- All 'just' arguments (for viewports, layouts, rectangl...
can now be numeric values (typically between 0 [left] ...
as well as character values ("left", "right", ...).
For rectangles and text, there are additional 'hjust' ...
arguments which allow numeric vectors of justification...
each direction (e.g., so that several pieces of text c...
different justifications).
(suggested by Ross Ihaka)
- New 'edits' argument for grid.xaxis() and grid.yaxis()...
allow specification of on-the-fly edits to axis childr...
- applyEdit(x, edit) returns x if target of edit (i.e., ...
specified by a gPath) cannot be found.
- Fix for calculation of length of max/min/sum unit. Le...
now (correctly) reported as 1 (was reported as length ...
- Viewport names can now be any string (they used to hav...
valid R symbol).
- The 'label' argument for grid.xaxis() and grid.yaxis()...
also be a language object or string vector, in which c...
specifies custom labels for the tick marks.
*国際化
-Unix系OSでは、オプション --enable-mbcs (既定)でコンフィ...
Windows版では、可能な場合には、ロケールに「東アジア」が使...
マニュアル 'Installation and Administration' の 'Internat...
o New command-line flag --encoding to specify the enc...
be assumed for stdin (but not for a console).
-新しい関数 iconv() は、これをサポートする OS 上で、文字...
capabilities("iconv") を参照してください。
o The meaning of 'encoding' for a connection has chan...
allows any charset encoding supported by iconv on the
platform, and can re-encode output as well as input.
As the new specification is a character string and the o...
numeric, this should not cause incorrect operation.
-新しい関数 localeToCharset() は、ロケール名から encoding...
o nchar() returns the true number of bytes stored (in...
embedded nuls), this being 2 for missing values. It has...
optional argument 'type' with possible non-default values
"chars" and "width" to give the number of characters or ...
display width in columns.
o Characters can be entered in hexadecimal as e.g. \x...
UTF-8 and other multibyte locales as \uxxxx, \u{xxxx},
\Uxxxxxxxx or \U{xxxxxxxx}. Non-printable Unicode chara...
are displayed C-style as \uxxxx or \Uxxxxxxxx.
o LC_MONETARY is set to the locale, which affects the...
Sys.localeconv(), but nothing else in R itself. (It could
affect add-on packages.)
o source() now has an 'encoding' argument which can b...
make it try out various possible encodings. This is mad...
of by example() which will convert (non-UTF-8) Latin-1 e...
files in a UTF-8 locale.
-read/writeChar() が、バイト単位ではなく文字単位で動作す...
-.C() が、re-encoding をOSがサポートしている場合に、 ENCO...
o delimMatch (tools) now reports match positions and ...
units of characters, not bytes. The delimiters can be
strings, not just single ASCII characters.
o .Rd files can indicate via a \encoding{} argument t...
that should be assumed for non-ASCII characters they con...
o Phrases in .Rd files can be marked by \enc{}{} to s...
transliteration to ASCII for use in e.g. text help.
o The use of 'pch' in points() now allows for multi-b...
sets: in such a locale a glyph can either be specified a...
multi-byte single character or as a number, the Unicode ...
o New function l10n_info() reports on aspects of the
locale/charset currently in use.
o scan() is now aware of double-byte locales such as ...
in which ASCII characters can occur as the second ('trai...
byte.
-関数 sQuote() と dQuote() は、UTF-8 ロケールの場合に、指...
o The infrastructure is now in place for C-level erro...
messages to be translated and used on systems with Native
Language Support. This has been used for the startup me...
in English and to translate Americanisms such as 'color'...
English: translations to several other languages are under
way, and some are included in this release.
See 'Writing R Extensions' for how to make use of this i...
package: all the standard packages have been set up to do
translation, and the 'language' 'en at quot' is implemen...
allow Unicode directional quotes in a UTF-8 locale.
o R-level stop(), warning() and message() messages ca...
translated, as can other messages via the new function
gettext(). Tools xgettext() and xgettext2pot() are provi...
package tools to help manage error messages.
gettextf() is a new wrapper to call sprintf() using
gettext() on the format string.
o Function ngettext() allows the management of singul...
plural forms of messages.
*ユーティリティ
o New functions mirror2html() and checkCRAN().
-R CMD check に、オプション '--use-valgrind' が追加されま...
o R CMD check now checks that Fortran and C++ files h...
line endings, as well as C files. It also checks Makeva...
files for portable compilation flags.
o R CMD check will now work on a source tarball and p...
information about the version of R and the package.
o tools:::.install_package_code_files() (used to coll...
when installing packages) ensures files are separated by a
line feed.
o vignette() now returns an object of class "vignette...
print() method opens the corresponding PDF file. The ed...
method can be used to open the code of the vignette in an
editor.
o R CMD INSTALL on Unix has a new option '--build' ma...
that on Windows, to package as tarball the installed pac...
o R CMD INSTALL on Unix can now install binary bundles.
o R CMD build now changes src files to LF line ending...
o R CMD build now behaves consistently between source...
builds: in each case it prepares a source directory and ...
either packages that directory as a tarball or calls R CMD
INSTALL --build on the prepared sources.
This means that R CMD build --binary now respects
.Rbuildignore and will rebuild vignettes (unless the opt...
--no-vignettes is used). For the latter, it now install...
current sources into a temporary library and uses that v...
of the package/bundle to rebuild the vignettes.
o R CMD build now reports empty directories in the so...
o New function write_PACKAGES() in package 'tools' to...
preparing local package repositories. (Based on a contr...
by Uwe Ligges.) How to prepare such repositories is
documented in the 'R Installation and Administration' ma...
o package.skeleton() adds a bit more to DESCRIPTION.
o Sweave changes:
- \usepackage[nogin]{Sweave} in the header of an Sweave ...
supresses auto-setting of the graphical parameter like...
of graphics.
- The new \SweaveInput{} command works similar to LaTeX's
\input{} command.
- Option value strip.white=all strips all blank lines fr...
output of a code chunk.
- Code chunks with eval=false are commented out by Stang...
hence no longer tested by R CMD check.
*文章
o File doc/html/faq.html no longer exists, and doc/ma...
(which has active links to other manuals) is used instead.
(If makeinfo >= 4.7 is not available, the version on CRA...
linked to.)
o Manual 'Writing R Extensions' has further details o...
new front-ends for R using the new public header files.
o There are no longer any restrictions on characters ...
\name{} field of a .Rd file: in particular _ is supported.
*Ｃーレベル機能
o There are new public C/C++ header files Rinterface....
R_ext/RStartup.h for use with external GUIs.
o Added an onExit() function to graphics devices, to ...
upon user break if non-NULL.
o ISNAN now works even in C++ code that undefines the...
-R_alloc の64ビットシステムにおける限界が、2^31バイト（2G...
o New math utility functions log1pmx(x), lgamma1p(x),
logspace_add(logx, logy), and logspace_sub(logx, logy).
*廃止および廃止予定
o The aqua module for MacOS X has been removed: --wit...
refers to the unbundled Cocoa GUI.
-capability の "bzip2", "GNOME", "libz", "PCRE" は、廃止...
o The undocumented use of UseMethod() with no argumen...
deprecated in 2.0.1 and is now regarded as an error.
-capability の "IEEE754" は、廃止されます。
o The 'CRAN' argument to update.packages(), old.packa...
new.packages(), download.packages() and install.packages...
deprecated in favour of 'repos', which replaces it as a
positional argument (so this is only relevant for calls ...
named args).
o The S3 methods for getting and setting names of "di...
have been removed (as they provided names with a different
length from the "dist" object itself).
o Option "repositories" is no longer used and so not ...
-loadURL() は load(url()) の方が好ましいので、廃止されま...
-delay() は廃止されます。代わりに delayedAssign() を使っ...
*インストール法の変更
-configure に、UTF-8 ロケールを有効にするためのオプション...
-R_XTRA_[CF]FLAGS は、configure テストで使用されます。ま...
// o R_XTRA_[CF]FLAGS are now used during the configur...
// and [CF]PICFLAGS if --enable-R-shlib was specified. T...
// ensures that features such as inlining are only used i...
// compilation flags specified support them. (PR#7257)
-FAQ, RESOURCES, doc/html/resources.html がいずれのうちに...
// o Files FAQ, RESOURCES, doc/html/resources.html are...
// the SVN sources but are made by 'make dist'.
-GNOME GUI はバンドルされなくなり、CRAN のパッケージとし...
-推奨パッケージが無い状態で configure を行うと、エラーと...
// o Configuring without having the recommended packag...
// error unless --with-recommended-packages=no (or equiva...
-X11 のヘッダファイルとライブラリが無い状態で configure ...
o Configure tries harder to find a minimal set of FLI...
some circumstances this may remove from R_LD_LIBRARY_PATH
path elements that ought to have specified in LDFLAGS (but
were not).
-グラフィックスデバイスドライバとそれらの afm ファイルの...
-readline の指定(デフォルトで yes)を行い、かつ必要である...
// o R is now linked against ncurses/termlib/termcap o...
// readline is specified (now the default) and that requi...
-HTML形式およびInfo形式のマニュアルを構築するためには、Ma...
*パッケージのインストール法の変更
-新しい種類のパッケージが登場しました。これらは、 DESCRIP...
たとえば、GNOME コンソールは、（CRAN にて）別個のパッケー...
-MacOS X と Windows において、ソースとバイナリ両者のパッ...
大抵の R 関数は、getOption("pkgType") と "source", "win.b...
Windows や CRAN GUI でビルドされた MacOS X 環境を除き、デ...
// o There is now support of installing from within R ...
// binary packages on MacOS X and Windows. Most of the R
// functions now have a 'type' argument defaulting to
// getOption("pkgType") and with possible values "source",
// "win.binary" and "mac.binary". The default is "source"...
// under Windows and the CRAN GUI build for MacOS X.
o install.packages() and friends now accept a vector ...
'repos' or 'contriburl' and get the newest available ver...
a package from the first repository on the list in which...
found. The argument 'CRAN' is still accepted, but deprec...
install.packages() on Unix can now install from local .t...
files via repos = NULL (as has long been done on Windows).
install.packages() no longer asks if downloaded packages
should be deleted: they will be deleted at the end of the
session anyway (and can be deleted by the user at any ti...
If the repository provides the information, install.pack...
will now accept the name of a package in a bundle.
If 'pkgs' is omitted install.packages() will use a listb...
display the available packages, on suitable systems.
'dependencies' can be a character vector to allow only s...
levels of dependencies (e.g. not "Suggests") to be reque...
o There is a new possible value update.packages(ask="...
that uses a widget to (de)select packages, on suitable s...
o The option used is now getOption("repos") not getOp...
and it is initially set to a dummy value. Its value can...
character vector (preferably named) giving one or several
repositories.
A new function chooseCRANmirror() will select a CRAN mir...
This is called automatically if the contrib.url() encoun...
the initial dummy value of getOption("repos")
A new function setRepositories() can be used to create
getOption("repos") from a (platform-specific) list of kn...
repositories.
o New function new.packages() to report uninstalled p...
available at the requested repositories. This also repo...
incomplete bundles. It will optionally install new pack...
o New function available.packages(), similar to CRAN....
but for use with multiple repositories. Both now only r...
packages whose R version requirements are met.
o update.packages() and old.packages() have a new opt...
'checkBuilt' to allow packages installed under earlier
versions of R to be updated.
o remove.packages() can now remove bundles.
o The Contains: field of the DESCRIPTION file of pack...
is now installed, so later checks can find out if the bu...
is complete.
o packageStatus() is now built on top of *.packages, ...
'method' argument. It defaults to the same repositories...
the other tools, those specified by getOption("repos").
*バグ修正
o Configuring for Tcl/Tk makes use of ${TK_LIB_SPEC} ...
not ${TK_LIB_SPEC} ${TK_XLIBSW}, which is correct for
recent versions of Tk, but conceivably not for old
tkConfig.sh files.
o detach() was not recomputing the S4 methods for pri...
correctly.
o Methods package now has class "expression" partly f...
classes, so S4 classes can extend these (but "expression...
pretty broken as a vector class in R).
o Collected warnings had messages with unneeded trail...
o S4 methods for primitive functions must be exported...
namespaces; this is now done automatically.
Note that is.primitive() is now in "base", not "methods".
o Package grid:
- Fixed bug in grid.text() when "rot" argument has lengt...
(reported by Emmanuel Paradis)
o .install_package_vignette_index() created an index ...
empty 'doc' directory.
o The print() method for factors now escapes characte...
levels in the same way as they are printed.
o str() removed any class from environment objects.
str() no longer interprets control characters in character
strings and factor levels; also no longer truncates factor
levels unless they are longer than 'nchar.max'.
Truncation of such long strings is now indicated ''outsi...
the string.
str(<S4.object>) was misleading for the case of a single...
str() now also properly displays S4 class definitions (s...
returned by getClass().
o print.factor(quote=TRUE) was not quoting levels, ca...
ambiguity when the levels contained spaces or quotes.
o R CMD check was confused by a trailing / on a packa...
o write.table() was writing incorrect column names if...
frame contained any matrix-like columns.
o write.table() was not quoting row names for a 0-col...
o t(x)'s default method now also preserves names(dimn...
1D arrays 'x'.
o r <- a %*% b no longer produces names(dimnames(r)) ...
unless one of a or b has named dimnames.
o Some .Internal functions that were supposed to retu...
did not. This was behind PR#7397 and PR#7466.
o eval(expr, NULL, encl) now looks up variables in en...
eval(expr, list(), encl) always did
o Coercing as.data.frame(NULL) to a pairlist caused a...
o p.adjust(p, ..) now correctly works when `p' contai...
it is of length 0 or length 2 for method = "hommel").
o 'methods' initialization was calling a function int...
.Call() with .C().
o optim() needed a check that the objective function ...
value of length 1 (spotted by Ben Bolker).
o X11() was only scaling its fonts to pointsize if th...
was within 0.5 of 100dpi.
o X11() font selection was looking for any symbol fon...
sometimes got e.g. bold italic if the server has such a ...
o dpois(*, lambda=Inf) now returns 0 (or -Inf for log).
o Using pch="" gave a square (pch=0)! Now it is rega...
same as NA, which was also undocumented but omits the po...
o Base graphics now notices (ab)lines which have a zero
coordinate on log scale, and omits them. (PR#7559)
o stop() and warning() now accept NULL as they are do...
to do (although this seems of little use and is equivale...
o weighted.mean() now checks the length of the weight...
o getAnywhere() was confused by names with leading or...
(spotted by Robert McGehee)
o eval() was not handling values from return() correc...
o par(omd) is now of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2) to ma...
documentation and for S-PLUS compatibility.
[Previously, par(omd) was of the form c(bottom, left, to...
like par(oma) and par(omi)]
o formatC() did not check its 'flag' argument, and co...
segfault if it was incorrect. (PR#7686)
o Contrasts needed to be coerced to numeric (e.g. fro...
inside model.matrix. (PR#7695)
o socketSelect() did not check for buffered input.
o Reads on a non-blocking socket with no available da...
not handled properly and could result in a segfault.
o The "aovlist" method for se.contrast() failed in so...
simple cases that were effectively not multistratum desi...
e.g. only one treatment occurring in only one stratum.
o pgamma() uses completely re-written algorithms, and...
for all (even very extreme) arguments; this is based on ...
Welinder's contribution related to PR#7307.
-dpois(10, 2e-308, log=TRUE) や類似した場合に、 -Inf を返...
o x <- 2^(0:1000); plot(x, x^.9, type="l", log="xy...
x <- 2^-(1070:170); plot(x, x^.9, type="l", log="xy")# n...
o summary.lm() asked for a report on a reasonable occ...
the check failed to take account of NAs.
o lm() was miscalculating 'df.residual' for empty mod...
matrix response.
o summary.lm() now behaves more sensibly for empty mo...
o plot.window() was using the wrong sign when adjusting
xlim/ylim for positive 'asp' and a reversed axis.
o If malloc() fails when allocating a large object th...
does a gc and tries the malloc() again.
o packageSlot() and getGroupMembers() are now exporte...
'methods' package as they should from documentation and ...
Green Book.
o rhyper() was giving numbers slightly too small, due...
original algorithm. (PR#7314)
-gsub() が、文字列中に ^ を含む場合に、ときどき間違ったマ...
たとえば、 gsub("^12", "x", "1212") が "xx" となっていた。
o [g]sub(perl = TRUE) was giving random results for a...
initial match. (PR#7742)
o [g]sub was ignoring most 0-length matches, includin...
ones. Note that substitutions such as gsub("[[:space:]]...
", ...) now work as they do in 'sed' (whereas the effect...
previously the same as gsub("[[:space:]]+", " ", ...)).
(In part PR#7742)
o Promises are now evaluated when extracted from an e...
using '$' or '[[ ]]'.
o reshape(direction="wide") had some sorting problems...
guessing time points (PR#7669)
o par() set 'xaxp' before 'xlog' and 'yaxp' before 'y...
causing PR#831.
o The logic in tclRequire() to check the availability...
package turned out to be fallible. It now uses a try()-...
mechanism instead.
o Opening a unz() connection on a non-existent file l...
handle in use.
o "dist" objects of length 0 failed to print.
o INSTALL and the libR try harder to find a tempora...
(since there might be one left over with the same PID).
o acf() could cause a segfault with some datasets. (...
-tan(1+LARGEi) が 0+NaNi ではなく、0+1i を返すようになり...
o summary(data.frame(mat = I(matrix(1:8, 4)))) does n...
infinite recursion anymore.
o writeBin() performed byte-swapping incorrectly on c...
vectors, also swapping real and imaginary parts. (PR#7778)
o read.table() sometimes discarded as blank lines con...
only white space, even if sep=",".
終了行:
COLOR(blue){SIZE(17){R 2.1.0 の変更点}}
暇と関心のある方は適宜和訳お願いします。
[[オリジナル文書>http://cran.r-project.org/src/base/NEWS]]
#contents
*ユーザに見える変更
-箱ひげ図（boxplot() や bxp() の出力）で、median line が...
-Unix系OSで、OSが実装しているならば、ロケールにUTF-8を使...
-connection 操作における 'encoding' の意味が変わりました...
-翻訳処理を容易にするために、warning/error メッセージのフ...
-"\"が含まれるテキストファイルを読み込む場合(Windowsファ...
*新しい特徴
o %% now warns if its accuracy is likely to be affect...
of precision (as in 1e18 %% 11, the unrealistic expectat...
PR#7409), and tries harder to return a value in range wh...
-abbreviate()は、英語用に作られているため、ASCII以外で使...
o The default methods for add1() and drop1() check fo...
in the number of cases in use.
The "lm" and "glm" methods for add1() quoted the <none> ...
on the original fitted values when using (with a warning...
smaller set of cases for the expanded models.
-ビープを鳴らす、あるいはヴィジュアルベルを起こす関数 ala...
-all/any() が、the Blue Book に記載されているように、引数...
-多変量解析線形モデルのための関数を追加： anova.mlm(), SS...
vcov() は、 "mlm" クラスのオブジェクトに対して、より有用...
// o New functions for multivariate linear models: ano...
// SSD(), estVar(), mauchley.test() (for sphericity).
//
// vcov() now does something more sensible for "mlm" clas...
-as.data.frame.table() が新しい引数 'responseName' を持つ...
o as.dist() and cophenetic() are now generic, and the...
new method for objects of class "dendrogram".
o as.ts() is now generic.
o binomial() has a new "cauchit" link (suggested by R...
o chisq.test() has a new argument 'rescale.p'. It is...
to simulate (slowly) the P value also in the 1D case
(contributed by Rolf Turner).
-choose(n,k) と lchoose(.) が、一般の二項定理にしたがって...
-色の補間を行う関数 colorRamp() と colorRampPalette() が...
o colSums()/rowSums() now allow arrays with a zero-le...
(requested by PR#7775).
o confint() has stub methods for classes "glm" and "n...
invoke those in package MASS. This avoids using the "lm"
method for "glm" objects if MASS is not attached.
confint() has a default method using asymptotic normality.
-contr.SAS() が、'nlme' パッケージから 'stats' パッケージ...
-色空間の間のマッピングを行う関数 convertColors() が追加...
o The cov() function in the non-Pearson cases now ran...
removal of missing values, not before. The pairwise-comp...
method should now be consistent with cor.test. (Code
contributed by Shigenobu Aoki.)
-関数 delayedAssign() が追加されました。これにより、delay...
// o Added delayedAssign() function to replace delay()...
// deprecated.
-dir.create() に引数 'recursive' が追加されました。これは...
-do.call() が、最初の引数として関数名か文字列、どちらも受...
o duplicated() and unique() now accept "list" objects...
fast only for simple list objects.
o ecdf() now has jumps of the correct size (a multipl...
if there are ties. (Wished by PR#7292).
o eff.aovlist() assumed orthogonal contrasts for any ...
with more than one degree of freedom: this is now docume...
and checked for. Where each term only occurs in only one
stratum the efficiencies are all one: this is detected and
orthogonal contrasts are not required.
-encodeString() は、print が行うのと同様の方法で、文字列...
-file("clipboard") が、Unix系で X11 ディスプレイを用いて...
セカンダリセレクションを読み込むこともできます。 ?file を...
file() が、 "w+" だけでなく "w+b" をサポートするようにな...
-file.append() が、多数のファイルをあるファイルに追加する...
-関数 flush.console() と select.list() が、全てのプラット...
-gc() が、現在のメモリ使用量だけでなく、最大量も報告する...
-新しい関数 getGrahicsEvent() が追加されました。これは、...
-グレースケールカラーパレットのための関数 gray.colors()/g...
o grep(), gsub(), sub() and regexpr() now always atte...
coerce their 'pattern', 'x', 'replacement' and 'text'
arguments to character. Previously this was undocumente...
done by [g]sub() and regexpr() for some values of their
other arguments. (Wish of PR#7742.)
-gsub/sub() が新しく 'fixed' メソッドを持つようになりまし...
-与えた色度,彩度,明度（i.e. peerceptual hsv）に対応する色...
-isTRUE() は、プログラミングで使用するのに便利な関数です。
-kemans() は、print() メソッドをもつクラス "kmeans" のオ...
2つの選択可能なアルゴリズムが実装されています。~
中心の数が提供されているならば、multiple random starts と...
// If the number of centres is supplied, it has a new opt...
// multiple random starts.
-layout() のグリッドサイズの限界が、文書化されました。ま...
-legend() が、"topleft" といったキーワードによる位置指定...
o mahalanobis() now has a '...' argument which is pas...
for computing the inverse of the covariance matrix, this...
the former 'tol.inv' argument.
-menu() が、選択肢（choice）が10個より多いときは、マルチ...
menu(graphics = TRUE) は、多くのプラットフォームにおいて...
o New function message() in 'base' for generating "si...
diagnostic messages, replacing such a function in the
'methods' package.
o na.contiguous() is now (S3) generic with first argu...
renamed to 'object'.
-normalizePath() は、標準パスを見付ける、新しい関数です（...
// o New function normalizePath() to find canonical pa...
// Windows, canonical names of components).
-options("expressions") のデフォルト値が 5000 に増加され...
また、設定可能最大値も 500000 になっています。
o p.adjust() has a new method "BY".
o pbeta() now uses a different algorithm for large va...
least one of the shape parameters, which is much faster ...
accurate and reliable for very large values. (This affe...
pbinom(), pf(), qbeta() and other functions using pbeta ...
level.)
o pch="." now by default produces a rectangle at leas...
side on high-resolution devices. (It used to be one-pixel
square even on high-resolution screens and Windows print...
but 1/72" on postscript() and pdf() devices.) Additiona...
the size is now scalable by 'cex'; see ?points and note ...
the details are subject to change.
-pdf() が引数 'paper' と 'pagecentre' に応じるようになり...
o plot.data.frame() tries harder to produce sensible ...
non-numeric data frames with one or two columns.
o The predict() methods for "prcomp" and "princomp" n...
the columns of 'newdata' to the original fit using column
names if these are available.
-recordGraphics() は、グラフィクスエンジンディスプレイリ...
使用には注意してください。
o New function RSiteSearch() to query R-related resou...
on-line (contributed by Jonathan Baron and Andy Liaw).
o scan() arranges to share storage of duplicated char...
strings read in: this can dramatically reduce the memory
requirements for large character vectors which will
subsequently be turned into factors with relatively few
levels. For a million items this halved the time and re...
storage by a factor of 20.
scan() has a new argument 'allowEscapes' (default TRUE) ...
controls when C-style escapes in the input are interpret...
Previously only \n and \r were interpreted, and then only
within quoted strings when no separator was supplied.
scan() used on an open connection now pushes back on the
connection its private `ungetc' and so is safer to use to
read partial lines.
o scatter.smooth() and loess.smooth() now handle miss...
in their inputs.
-seq.Date() および seq.POSIXt() で、'by' が負の場合には、...
o sprintf() has been enhanced to allow the POSIX/XSI ...
like "%2$6d", and also accepts "%x" and "%X".
sprintf() does limited coercion of its arguments.
sprintf() accepts vector arguments and operates on them in
parallel (after re-cycling if needed).
-文字ベクトルを指定幅にトリミングする関数 strtrim() が追...
-subset() が行列に対するメソッドを持つようになりました。
// o subset() now has a method for matrices, similar t...
// data frames.
-summaryRprof() のアルゴリズムが高速化されました。
-sunflowerplot() が新しい引数 'col' と 'bg' を持つことに...
-sys.function() が、引数 'which' を持つことになりました（...
o Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", ) now only sets the locale ...
which R uses, and Sys.setlocale("LC_NUMERIC", ) now give...
warning (as it can cause R to malfunction).
o unclass() is no longer allowed for environments and...
pointers (since these cannot be copied and so unclass() ...
destructive of its argument). You can still change the
"class" attribute.
o File-name matching is no longer case-insensitive wi...
connections, even on Windows.
o New argument 'immediate.' to warning() to send an i...
warning.
o New convenience wrappers write.csv() and write.csv2...
o There is a new version for write.table() which is i...
For simple matrices and data frames this is several times
faster than before, and uses negligible memory compared ...
object size.
The old version (which no longer coerces a matrix to a d...
frame and then back to a matrix) is available for now as
write.table0().
-関数 xinch(), yinch(), xyinch() が、'grDevices' パッケー...
o Plotmath now allows underline in expressions. (PR#...
contributed by Uwe Ligges.)
o BATCH on Unix no longer sets --gui="none" as the X1...
is only loaded if needed.
o The X11 module (and the hence X11(), jpeg() and png...
and the X-based dataentry editor) is now in principle
available under all Unix GUIs except --gui="none", and t...
reflected in capabilities().
capabilities("X11") determines if an X server can be acc...
and so is more likely to be accurate.
o Printing of arrays now honours the 'right' argument...
are more than two dimensions.
o Tabular printing of numbers now has headers right-j...
they were prior to version 1.7.0 (spotted by Rob Baer).
-遅延ロードするデータベースが、最初に使用されるときにメモ...
これにより、標準メモリ使用量が（2Mb 未満ですが）増加して...
o The implicit class structure for numeric vectors ha...
changed, so that integer/real vectors try first methods ...
class "integer"/"double" and then those for class "numer...
The implicit classes for matrices and arrays have been c...
to be "matrix"/"array" followed by the class(es) of the
underlying vector.
o splines::splineDesign() now allows the evaluation o...
basis everywhere instead of just inside the "inner" knot...
setting the new argument `outer.ok = TRUE'.
-ハッシュが以前の半分しかメモリを使用しないようになりまし...
o Readline is not used for tilde expansion when R is ...
--no-readline, nor from embedded applications. Then "~na...
is no longer expanded, but "~" still is.
-正規表現が glibc 2.3.3 ベースになりました。POSIX により...
// o The regular expression code is now based on that ...
// It has stricter conformance to POSIX, so metachars suc...
// { } + * may need to be escaped where before they did not
// (but could have been).
o New encoding 'TeXtext.enc' improves the way postscr...
with Computer Modern fonts.
o Replacement in a non-existent column of a data fram...
harder to create a column of the correct length and so a...
corrupt data frame.
o For Windows and readline-based history, the saved f...
re-read from R_HISTSIZE immediately before saving.
o Collected warnings during start-up are now printed ...
initial prompt rather than after the first command.
o Changes to package 'grid':
- preDrawDetails(), drawDetails(), and postDrawDetails()
methods are now recorded on the graphics engine
display list. This means that calculations within th...
methods are now run when a device is resized or
when output is copied from one device to another.
- Fixed bug in grid.text() when 'rot' argument has lengt...
(privately reported by Emmanuel Paradis)
- New getNames() function to return just the names of al...
grobs on the display list.
- Recording on the grid display list is turned off within
preDrawDetails(), drawDetails(), and postDrawDetails()...
- Grid should recover better from errors or user-interru...
during drawing (i.e., not leave you in a strange viewp...
or with strange graphical parameter settings).
- New function grid.refresh() to redraw the grid display...
- New function grid.record() to capture calculations
with grid graphics output.
- grobWidth and grobHeight ("grobwidth" and "grobheight"...
for primitives (text, rects, etc, ...) are now
calculated based on a bounding box for the relevant gr...
NOTE: this has changed the calculation of the size of ...
rect (or circle or lines).
- New arguments 'warn' and 'wrap' for function grid.grab()
- New function grid.grabExpr() which captures the output...
an expression (i.e., not from the current scene) without
doing any drawing (i.e., no impact on the current scen...
- upViewport() now (invisibly) returns the path that it ...
(suggested by Ross Ihaka).
- The 'gamma' gpar has been deprecated (this is a device...
not a property of graphical objects; suggested by Ross...
- New 'lex' gpar; a line width multiplier.
- grid.text() now handles any language object as mathema...
annotation (instead of just expressions).
- plotViewport() has default value for 'margins' argumen...
the default value for par(mar)).
- The 'extension' argument to dataViewport() can now be ...
in which case the first value is used to extend the xs...
the second value is used to extend the y scale.
(suggested by Ross Ihaka).
- All 'just' arguments (for viewports, layouts, rectangl...
can now be numeric values (typically between 0 [left] ...
as well as character values ("left", "right", ...).
For rectangles and text, there are additional 'hjust' ...
arguments which allow numeric vectors of justification...
each direction (e.g., so that several pieces of text c...
different justifications).
(suggested by Ross Ihaka)
- New 'edits' argument for grid.xaxis() and grid.yaxis()...
allow specification of on-the-fly edits to axis childr...
- applyEdit(x, edit) returns x if target of edit (i.e., ...
specified by a gPath) cannot be found.
- Fix for calculation of length of max/min/sum unit. Le...
now (correctly) reported as 1 (was reported as length ...
- Viewport names can now be any string (they used to hav...
valid R symbol).
- The 'label' argument for grid.xaxis() and grid.yaxis()...
also be a language object or string vector, in which c...
specifies custom labels for the tick marks.
*国際化
-Unix系OSでは、オプション --enable-mbcs (既定)でコンフィ...
Windows版では、可能な場合には、ロケールに「東アジア」が使...
マニュアル 'Installation and Administration' の 'Internat...
o New command-line flag --encoding to specify the enc...
be assumed for stdin (but not for a console).
-新しい関数 iconv() は、これをサポートする OS 上で、文字...
capabilities("iconv") を参照してください。
o The meaning of 'encoding' for a connection has chan...
allows any charset encoding supported by iconv on the
platform, and can re-encode output as well as input.
As the new specification is a character string and the o...
numeric, this should not cause incorrect operation.
-新しい関数 localeToCharset() は、ロケール名から encoding...
o nchar() returns the true number of bytes stored (in...
embedded nuls), this being 2 for missing values. It has...
optional argument 'type' with possible non-default values
"chars" and "width" to give the number of characters or ...
display width in columns.
o Characters can be entered in hexadecimal as e.g. \x...
UTF-8 and other multibyte locales as \uxxxx, \u{xxxx},
\Uxxxxxxxx or \U{xxxxxxxx}. Non-printable Unicode chara...
are displayed C-style as \uxxxx or \Uxxxxxxxx.
o LC_MONETARY is set to the locale, which affects the...
Sys.localeconv(), but nothing else in R itself. (It could
affect add-on packages.)
o source() now has an 'encoding' argument which can b...
make it try out various possible encodings. This is mad...
of by example() which will convert (non-UTF-8) Latin-1 e...
files in a UTF-8 locale.
-read/writeChar() が、バイト単位ではなく文字単位で動作す...
-.C() が、re-encoding をOSがサポートしている場合に、 ENCO...
o delimMatch (tools) now reports match positions and ...
units of characters, not bytes. The delimiters can be
strings, not just single ASCII characters.
o .Rd files can indicate via a \encoding{} argument t...
that should be assumed for non-ASCII characters they con...
o Phrases in .Rd files can be marked by \enc{}{} to s...
transliteration to ASCII for use in e.g. text help.
o The use of 'pch' in points() now allows for multi-b...
sets: in such a locale a glyph can either be specified a...
multi-byte single character or as a number, the Unicode ...
o New function l10n_info() reports on aspects of the
locale/charset currently in use.
o scan() is now aware of double-byte locales such as ...
in which ASCII characters can occur as the second ('trai...
byte.
-関数 sQuote() と dQuote() は、UTF-8 ロケールの場合に、指...
o The infrastructure is now in place for C-level erro...
messages to be translated and used on systems with Native
Language Support. This has been used for the startup me...
in English and to translate Americanisms such as 'color'...
English: translations to several other languages are under
way, and some are included in this release.
See 'Writing R Extensions' for how to make use of this i...
package: all the standard packages have been set up to do
translation, and the 'language' 'en at quot' is implemen...
allow Unicode directional quotes in a UTF-8 locale.
o R-level stop(), warning() and message() messages ca...
translated, as can other messages via the new function
gettext(). Tools xgettext() and xgettext2pot() are provi...
package tools to help manage error messages.
gettextf() is a new wrapper to call sprintf() using
gettext() on the format string.
o Function ngettext() allows the management of singul...
plural forms of messages.
*ユーティリティ
o New functions mirror2html() and checkCRAN().
-R CMD check に、オプション '--use-valgrind' が追加されま...
o R CMD check now checks that Fortran and C++ files h...
line endings, as well as C files. It also checks Makeva...
files for portable compilation flags.
o R CMD check will now work on a source tarball and p...
information about the version of R and the package.
o tools:::.install_package_code_files() (used to coll...
when installing packages) ensures files are separated by a
line feed.
o vignette() now returns an object of class "vignette...
print() method opens the corresponding PDF file. The ed...
method can be used to open the code of the vignette in an
editor.
o R CMD INSTALL on Unix has a new option '--build' ma...
that on Windows, to package as tarball the installed pac...
o R CMD INSTALL on Unix can now install binary bundles.
o R CMD build now changes src files to LF line ending...
o R CMD build now behaves consistently between source...
builds: in each case it prepares a source directory and ...
either packages that directory as a tarball or calls R CMD
INSTALL --build on the prepared sources.
This means that R CMD build --binary now respects
.Rbuildignore and will rebuild vignettes (unless the opt...
--no-vignettes is used). For the latter, it now install...
current sources into a temporary library and uses that v...
of the package/bundle to rebuild the vignettes.
o R CMD build now reports empty directories in the so...
o New function write_PACKAGES() in package 'tools' to...
preparing local package repositories. (Based on a contr...
by Uwe Ligges.) How to prepare such repositories is
documented in the 'R Installation and Administration' ma...
o package.skeleton() adds a bit more to DESCRIPTION.
o Sweave changes:
- \usepackage[nogin]{Sweave} in the header of an Sweave ...
supresses auto-setting of the graphical parameter like...
of graphics.
- The new \SweaveInput{} command works similar to LaTeX's
\input{} command.
- Option value strip.white=all strips all blank lines fr...
output of a code chunk.
- Code chunks with eval=false are commented out by Stang...
hence no longer tested by R CMD check.
*文章
o File doc/html/faq.html no longer exists, and doc/ma...
(which has active links to other manuals) is used instead.
(If makeinfo >= 4.7 is not available, the version on CRA...
linked to.)
o Manual 'Writing R Extensions' has further details o...
new front-ends for R using the new public header files.
o There are no longer any restrictions on characters ...
\name{} field of a .Rd file: in particular _ is supported.
*Ｃーレベル機能
o There are new public C/C++ header files Rinterface....
R_ext/RStartup.h for use with external GUIs.
o Added an onExit() function to graphics devices, to ...
upon user break if non-NULL.
o ISNAN now works even in C++ code that undefines the...
-R_alloc の64ビットシステムにおける限界が、2^31バイト（2G...
o New math utility functions log1pmx(x), lgamma1p(x),
logspace_add(logx, logy), and logspace_sub(logx, logy).
*廃止および廃止予定
o The aqua module for MacOS X has been removed: --wit...
refers to the unbundled Cocoa GUI.
-capability の "bzip2", "GNOME", "libz", "PCRE" は、廃止...
o The undocumented use of UseMethod() with no argumen...
deprecated in 2.0.1 and is now regarded as an error.
-capability の "IEEE754" は、廃止されます。
o The 'CRAN' argument to update.packages(), old.packa...
new.packages(), download.packages() and install.packages...
deprecated in favour of 'repos', which replaces it as a
positional argument (so this is only relevant for calls ...
named args).
o The S3 methods for getting and setting names of "di...
have been removed (as they provided names with a different
length from the "dist" object itself).
o Option "repositories" is no longer used and so not ...
-loadURL() は load(url()) の方が好ましいので、廃止されま...
-delay() は廃止されます。代わりに delayedAssign() を使っ...
*インストール法の変更
-configure に、UTF-8 ロケールを有効にするためのオプション...
-R_XTRA_[CF]FLAGS は、configure テストで使用されます。ま...
// o R_XTRA_[CF]FLAGS are now used during the configur...
// and [CF]PICFLAGS if --enable-R-shlib was specified. T...
// ensures that features such as inlining are only used i...
// compilation flags specified support them. (PR#7257)
-FAQ, RESOURCES, doc/html/resources.html がいずれのうちに...
// o Files FAQ, RESOURCES, doc/html/resources.html are...
// the SVN sources but are made by 'make dist'.
-GNOME GUI はバンドルされなくなり、CRAN のパッケージとし...
-推奨パッケージが無い状態で configure を行うと、エラーと...
// o Configuring without having the recommended packag...
// error unless --with-recommended-packages=no (or equiva...
-X11 のヘッダファイルとライブラリが無い状態で configure ...
o Configure tries harder to find a minimal set of FLI...
some circumstances this may remove from R_LD_LIBRARY_PATH
path elements that ought to have specified in LDFLAGS (but
were not).
-グラフィックスデバイスドライバとそれらの afm ファイルの...
-readline の指定(デフォルトで yes)を行い、かつ必要である...
// o R is now linked against ncurses/termlib/termcap o...
// readline is specified (now the default) and that requi...
-HTML形式およびInfo形式のマニュアルを構築するためには、Ma...
*パッケージのインストール法の変更
-新しい種類のパッケージが登場しました。これらは、 DESCRIP...
たとえば、GNOME コンソールは、（CRAN にて）別個のパッケー...
-MacOS X と Windows において、ソースとバイナリ両者のパッ...
大抵の R 関数は、getOption("pkgType") と "source", "win.b...
Windows や CRAN GUI でビルドされた MacOS X 環境を除き、デ...
// o There is now support of installing from within R ...
// binary packages on MacOS X and Windows. Most of the R
// functions now have a 'type' argument defaulting to
// getOption("pkgType") and with possible values "source",
// "win.binary" and "mac.binary". The default is "source"...
// under Windows and the CRAN GUI build for MacOS X.
o install.packages() and friends now accept a vector ...
'repos' or 'contriburl' and get the newest available ver...
a package from the first repository on the list in which...
found. The argument 'CRAN' is still accepted, but deprec...
install.packages() on Unix can now install from local .t...
files via repos = NULL (as has long been done on Windows).
install.packages() no longer asks if downloaded packages
should be deleted: they will be deleted at the end of the
session anyway (and can be deleted by the user at any ti...
If the repository provides the information, install.pack...
will now accept the name of a package in a bundle.
If 'pkgs' is omitted install.packages() will use a listb...
display the available packages, on suitable systems.
'dependencies' can be a character vector to allow only s...
levels of dependencies (e.g. not "Suggests") to be reque...
o There is a new possible value update.packages(ask="...
that uses a widget to (de)select packages, on suitable s...
o The option used is now getOption("repos") not getOp...
and it is initially set to a dummy value. Its value can...
character vector (preferably named) giving one or several
repositories.
A new function chooseCRANmirror() will select a CRAN mir...
This is called automatically if the contrib.url() encoun...
the initial dummy value of getOption("repos")
A new function setRepositories() can be used to create
getOption("repos") from a (platform-specific) list of kn...
repositories.
o New function new.packages() to report uninstalled p...
available at the requested repositories. This also repo...
incomplete bundles. It will optionally install new pack...
o New function available.packages(), similar to CRAN....
but for use with multiple repositories. Both now only r...
packages whose R version requirements are met.
o update.packages() and old.packages() have a new opt...
'checkBuilt' to allow packages installed under earlier
versions of R to be updated.
o remove.packages() can now remove bundles.
o The Contains: field of the DESCRIPTION file of pack...
is now installed, so later checks can find out if the bu...
is complete.
o packageStatus() is now built on top of *.packages, ...
'method' argument. It defaults to the same repositories...
the other tools, those specified by getOption("repos").
*バグ修正
o Configuring for Tcl/Tk makes use of ${TK_LIB_SPEC} ...
not ${TK_LIB_SPEC} ${TK_XLIBSW}, which is correct for
recent versions of Tk, but conceivably not for old
tkConfig.sh files.
o detach() was not recomputing the S4 methods for pri...
correctly.
o Methods package now has class "expression" partly f...
classes, so S4 classes can extend these (but "expression...
pretty broken as a vector class in R).
o Collected warnings had messages with unneeded trail...
o S4 methods for primitive functions must be exported...
namespaces; this is now done automatically.
Note that is.primitive() is now in "base", not "methods".
o Package grid:
- Fixed bug in grid.text() when "rot" argument has lengt...
(reported by Emmanuel Paradis)
o .install_package_vignette_index() created an index ...
empty 'doc' directory.
o The print() method for factors now escapes characte...
levels in the same way as they are printed.
o str() removed any class from environment objects.
str() no longer interprets control characters in character
strings and factor levels; also no longer truncates factor
levels unless they are longer than 'nchar.max'.
Truncation of such long strings is now indicated ''outsi...
the string.
str(<S4.object>) was misleading for the case of a single...
str() now also properly displays S4 class definitions (s...
returned by getClass().
o print.factor(quote=TRUE) was not quoting levels, ca...
ambiguity when the levels contained spaces or quotes.
o R CMD check was confused by a trailing / on a packa...
o write.table() was writing incorrect column names if...
frame contained any matrix-like columns.
o write.table() was not quoting row names for a 0-col...
o t(x)'s default method now also preserves names(dimn...
1D arrays 'x'.
o r <- a %*% b no longer produces names(dimnames(r)) ...
unless one of a or b has named dimnames.
o Some .Internal functions that were supposed to retu...
did not. This was behind PR#7397 and PR#7466.
o eval(expr, NULL, encl) now looks up variables in en...
eval(expr, list(), encl) always did
o Coercing as.data.frame(NULL) to a pairlist caused a...
o p.adjust(p, ..) now correctly works when `p' contai...
it is of length 0 or length 2 for method = "hommel").
o 'methods' initialization was calling a function int...
.Call() with .C().
o optim() needed a check that the objective function ...
value of length 1 (spotted by Ben Bolker).
o X11() was only scaling its fonts to pointsize if th...
was within 0.5 of 100dpi.
o X11() font selection was looking for any symbol fon...
sometimes got e.g. bold italic if the server has such a ...
o dpois(*, lambda=Inf) now returns 0 (or -Inf for log).
o Using pch="" gave a square (pch=0)! Now it is rega...
same as NA, which was also undocumented but omits the po...
o Base graphics now notices (ab)lines which have a zero
coordinate on log scale, and omits them. (PR#7559)
o stop() and warning() now accept NULL as they are do...
to do (although this seems of little use and is equivale...
o weighted.mean() now checks the length of the weight...
o getAnywhere() was confused by names with leading or...
(spotted by Robert McGehee)
o eval() was not handling values from return() correc...
o par(omd) is now of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2) to ma...
documentation and for S-PLUS compatibility.
[Previously, par(omd) was of the form c(bottom, left, to...
like par(oma) and par(omi)]
o formatC() did not check its 'flag' argument, and co...
segfault if it was incorrect. (PR#7686)
o Contrasts needed to be coerced to numeric (e.g. fro...
inside model.matrix. (PR#7695)
o socketSelect() did not check for buffered input.
o Reads on a non-blocking socket with no available da...
not handled properly and could result in a segfault.
o The "aovlist" method for se.contrast() failed in so...
simple cases that were effectively not multistratum desi...
e.g. only one treatment occurring in only one stratum.
o pgamma() uses completely re-written algorithms, and...
for all (even very extreme) arguments; this is based on ...
Welinder's contribution related to PR#7307.
-dpois(10, 2e-308, log=TRUE) や類似した場合に、 -Inf を返...
o x <- 2^(0:1000); plot(x, x^.9, type="l", log="xy...
x <- 2^-(1070:170); plot(x, x^.9, type="l", log="xy")# n...
o summary.lm() asked for a report on a reasonable occ...
the check failed to take account of NAs.
o lm() was miscalculating 'df.residual' for empty mod...
matrix response.
o summary.lm() now behaves more sensibly for empty mo...
o plot.window() was using the wrong sign when adjusting
xlim/ylim for positive 'asp' and a reversed axis.
o If malloc() fails when allocating a large object th...
does a gc and tries the malloc() again.
o packageSlot() and getGroupMembers() are now exporte...
'methods' package as they should from documentation and ...
Green Book.
o rhyper() was giving numbers slightly too small, due...
original algorithm. (PR#7314)
-gsub() が、文字列中に ^ を含む場合に、ときどき間違ったマ...
たとえば、 gsub("^12", "x", "1212") が "xx" となっていた。
o [g]sub(perl = TRUE) was giving random results for a...
initial match. (PR#7742)
o [g]sub was ignoring most 0-length matches, includin...
ones. Note that substitutions such as gsub("[[:space:]]...
", ...) now work as they do in 'sed' (whereas the effect...
previously the same as gsub("[[:space:]]+", " ", ...)).
(In part PR#7742)
o Promises are now evaluated when extracted from an e...
using '$' or '[[ ]]'.
o reshape(direction="wide") had some sorting problems...
guessing time points (PR#7669)
o par() set 'xaxp' before 'xlog' and 'yaxp' before 'y...
causing PR#831.
o The logic in tclRequire() to check the availability...
package turned out to be fallible. It now uses a try()-...
mechanism instead.
o Opening a unz() connection on a non-existent file l...
handle in use.
o "dist" objects of length 0 failed to print.
o INSTALL and the libR try harder to find a tempora...
(since there might be one left over with the same PID).
o acf() could cause a segfault with some datasets. (...
-tan(1+LARGEi) が 0+NaNi ではなく、0+1i を返すようになり...
o summary(data.frame(mat = I(matrix(1:8, 4)))) does n...
infinite recursion anymore.
o writeBin() performed byte-swapping incorrectly on c...
vectors, also swapping real and imaginary parts. (PR#7778)
o read.table() sometimes discarded as blank lines con...
only white space, even if sep=",".
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