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SIZE(15){COLOR(magenta){R 2.0.0 の新機能・変更点}}
// なかお (2004.9.5)
r-announce に[[投稿された変更サマリー:https://stat.ethz.c...
#contents
*ユーザーの目に見える変更
// o The stub packages from 1.9.x have been removed: t...
// function selects the new home for their code.
-- stub パッケージが 1.9.x からとりのぞかれた。library() ...
// o `Lazy loading' of R code has been implemented, and...
// the standard and recommended packages by default. Rat...
// keep R objects in memory, they are kept in a database ...
// and only loaded on first use. This accelerates startu...
// to 40% of the time for 1.9.x) and reduces memory usage...
// latter is probably unimportant of itself, but reduces
// commensurately the time spent in garbage collection.
-- コードの「レイジーロード」が実装され、標準パッケージと...
// Packages are by default installed using lazy loading i...
// have more than 25Kb of R code and did not use a saved ...
// This can be overridden by INSTALL --[no-]lazy or via a...
// in the DESCRIPTION file. Note that as with --save, an...
// packages which are required must be already installed.
25kb 以上の R コードで保存されたイメージを利用しないなら...
// As the lazy-loading databases will be consulted often, R
// will be slower if run from a slow network-mounted disc.
レイジーローディングデータセットが閲覧されるとき、遅いネ...
// o All the datasets formerly in packages 'base' and ...
// been moved to a new package 'datasets'. data() does the
// appropriate substitution, with a warning. However, ca...
// data() are not normally needed as the data objects are...
// in the 'datasets' package.
-- base パッケージと stats パッケージにかつてあったすべて...
// Packages can be installed to make their data objects v...
// via R CMD INSTALL --lazy-data or via a field in the
// DESCRIPTION file.
パッケージは R CMD INSTALL --lazy-data または DESCRIPTION...
// o Package 'graphics' has been split into 'grDevices...
// devices shared between base and grid graphics) and 'gr...
// (base graphics). Each of the 'graphics' and 'grid' pa...
// load 'grDevices' when they are attached. Note that
// ps.options() has been moved to grDevices and user hook...
// need to be updated.
-- graphics パッケージは grDevices （基本とグリッドグラフ...
// o The semantics of data() have changed (and were in...
// documented in recent releases) and the function has be...
// to package 'utils'. Please read the help page careful...
// you use the 'package' or 'lib.loc' arguments.
-- （最近のリリースで誤って文書化されていた）data() のセ...
// data() now lists datasets, and not just names which da...
data() はデータセットをリストアップし、？？
// o Dataset 'phones' has been renamed to 'WorldPhones'.
-- データセット phones は WorldPhones にリネームされた。
// o Datasets 'sunspot.month' and 'sunspot.year' are a...
// separately but not via data(sunspot) (which was used b...
// lattice to retrieve a dataset 'sunspot').
-- データセット sunspot.month と sunspot.year は単独で利...
// o Packages must have been re-installed for this ver...
// library() will enforce this.
-- このバージョンのためにパッケージは再インストールされな...
// o Package names must now be given exactly in librar...
// require(), regardless of whether the underlying file s...
// case-sensitive or not. So 'library(mass)' will not wor...
// on Windows.
-- ファイルシステムがケースセンシティブかそうではないかに...
// o R no longer accepts associative use of relational...
// That is, 3 < 2 < 1 (which used to evalute as TRUE!) no...
// a syntax error. If this breaks existing code, just add
// parentheses -- or braces in the case of plotmath.
-- R は比較演算子の結合利用を受付なくなった。すなわち、3 ...
// o The R parser now allows multiline strings, withou...
// the newlines with backslashes (the old method still wo...
// Patch by Mark Bravington.
-- R パーザーは、バックスラッシュによる改行（newline）の...
*新しい機能
// o There is a new atomic vector type, class "raw". ...
// full details including the operators and utility funct...
-- あたらしいアトミックベクタータイプ、raw クラス。提供さ...
// o The default barplot() method by default uses a
// gamma-corrected grey palette (rather than the heat color
// palette) for coloring its output when given a matrix.
-- デフォルトの barplot() メソッドは、デフォルトでは行列...
o The 'formula' method for boxplot() has a 'na.action...
defaulting to NULL. This is mainly useful if the response
is a matrix when the previous default of 'na.omit' would...
entire rows. (Related to PR#6846.)
boxplot() and bxp() now obey global 'par' settings and a...
allow the specification of graphical options in more det...
compatibly with S-PLUS (fulfilling wishlist entry PR#6832)
thanks to contributions from Arni Magnusson. For consis...
'boxwex' is not an explicit argument anymore.
// o chull() has been moved to package graphics (as it...
-- chull() は graphics パッケージに移された（これは chull...
// o There is now a coef() method for summaries of "nl...
-- "nls" オブジェクトのサマリには coef() メソッドがある。
// o compareVersion(), packageDescription() and read.0...
// have been moved to package 'utils'.
-- compareVersion(), packageDescription() および read.00I...
// o convolve(), fft(), mvfft() and nextn() have been ...
// package stats.
-- convolve(), fft(), mvfft() および nextn() は、stats パ...
// o coplot() now makes use of cex.lab and font.lab pa...
-- coplot() は cex.lab and font.lab par() の設定を利用で...
// o cumsum/prod/max/min() now preserve names.
-- cumsum/prod/max/min() で名前が保持される。
o data(), .path.packages() and .find.packages() now i...
package = NULL to mean all loaded packages.
o data.frame() and its replacement methods remove the...
vector columns. Using I() will ensure that names are
preserved.
o data.frame(check.names = TRUE) (the default) enforc...
names, as S does.
o .Defunct() now has 'new' and 'package' arguments li...
.Deprecated().
o The plot() method for "dendrogram" objects now resp...
nodePar and edgePar settings and for edge labeling compu...
extents of the diamond more correctly.
o deparse(), dput() and dump() have a new 'control' a...
control the level of detail when deparsing. dump() defa...
the most detail, the others default to less. See ?.depa...
for the details.
They now evaluate promises by default: see ?dump for det...
// o dir.create() now expands '~' in filenames.
-- dir.create() はファイル名のなかの ~（ティルダ）を展開...
o download.file() has a new progress meter (under Uni...
length of the file is known -- it uses 50 equals signs.
o dyn.load() and library.dynam() return an object des...
DLL that was loaded. For packages with namespaces, the ...
objects are stored in a list within the namespace.
o New function eapply() - apply for environments. Th...
function is applied to each element of the environment; ...
of application is not specified.
o edit() and fix() use the object name in the window ...
some platforms (e.g. Windows).
// o Function file.edit() function added: like file.sh...
// allows editing.
--file.edit() 関数が追加された。file.show() と同じだが編...
// o Function file.info() can return file sizes > 2G i...
// underlying OS supports such.
--file.info() 関数はOSがサポートしいれば２ギガ以上の情報...
// o fisher.test(*, conf.int=FALSE) allows the confide...
// computation to be skipped.
-- fisher.test(*, conf.int=FALSE) は信頼区間の計算飛ばし...
o formula() methods for classes "lm" and "glm" used t...
formula (with '.' expanded) from the terms component.
o The `formula' method for ftable() now looks for var...
environment of the formula before the usual search path.
o A new function getDLLRegisteredRoutines() returns i...
about the routines available from a DLL that were explic...
registered with R's dynamic loading facilities.
o A new function getLoadedDLLs() returns information ...
DLLs that are currently loaded within this session.
o The package element returned by getNativeSymbolInfo...
reference to both the internal object used to resolve sy...
with the DLL, and the internal DllInfo structure used to
represent the DLL within R.
o help() now returns information about available docu...
a given topic, and notifies about multiple matches. It ...
separate print() method.
If the latex help files were not installed, help() will ...
to create a latex file on-the-fly from the installed .Rd...
// o heatmap() has a new argument 'reorderfun'.
-- heatmap() はreorderfun引数をもつようになった。
o Most versions of install.packages() have an new opt...
argument 'dependencies = TRUE' which will not only fetch...
packages but also their uninstalled dependencies and their
dependencies ....
The Unix version of install.packages() attempts to install
packages in an order that reflects their dependencies. (...
is not needed for binary installs as used under Windows.)
// o interaction() has new argument 'sep'.
-- interaction() は sep 引数を持つようになった。
o interaction.plot() allows 'type = "b"' and doesn't ...
warnings when passed a matplot()-only argument such as '...
o is.integer() and is.numeric() always return FALSE f...
factor. (Previously they were true and false respective...
well-formed factors, but it is possible to create factors
with non-integer codes by underhand means.)
o New functions is.leaf(), dendrapply() and a labels(...
dendrogram objects.
o legend() has an argument 'pt.lwd' and setting 'dens...
because 'angle' now defaults to 45 (mostly contributed b...
o library() now checks the version dependence (if any...
required packages mentioned in the Depends: field of the
DESCRIPTION file.
o load() now detects and gives a warning (rather than...
for empty input, and tries to detect (but not correct) f...
which have had LF replaced by CR.
o ls.str() and lsf.str() now return an object of clas...
has a print method.
o make.names() has a new argument allow_, which if fa...
its behaviour in R 1.8.1 to be reproduced.
o The 'formula' method for mosaicplot() has a 'na.act...
defaulting to 'na.omit'.
o model.frame() now warns if it is given data = newda...
creates a model frame with a different number of rows from
that implied by the size of 'newdata'.
Time series attributes are never copied to variables in ...
model frame unless na.action = NULL. (This was always the
intention, but they sometimes were as the result of an e...
bug fix.)
o There is a new 'padj' argument to mtext() and axis().
Code patch provided by Uwe Ligges (fixes PR#1659 and PR#...
// o Function package.dependencies() has been moved to...
-- package.dependencies() 関数は 'tools' パッケージに移さ...
o The 'formula' method for pairs() has a 'na.action' ...
defaulting to 'na.pass', rather than the value of
getOption("na.action").
// o There are five new par() settings:
-- ５個のあたらしい par() 設定値が導入された：
'family' can be used to specify a font family for graphics
text. This is a device-independent family specification
which gets mapped by the graphics device to a device-spe...
font specification (see, for example, postscriptFonts()).
Currently, only PostScript, PDF, X11, Quartz, and Windows
respond to this setting.
'lend', 'ljoin', and 'lmitre' control the cap style and
join style for drawing lines (only noticeable on thick l...
or borders). Currently, only PostScript, PDF, X11, and ...
respond to these settings.
'lheight' is a multiplier used in determining the vertical
spacing of multi-line text.
All of these settings are currently only available via p...
(i.e., not in-line as arguments to plot(), lines(), ...)
// o PCRE (as used by grep etc) has been updated to ve...
-- grep などに利用される PCRE はバージョン 5.0 にアップデ...
// o A 'version' argument has been added to pdf() devi...
// set to "1.4", the device will support transparent colo...
-- pdf() デバイスに引数 'version' が追加された。この引数...
o plot.xy(), the workhorse function of points(), line...
plot.default() now has 'lwd' as explicit argument instea...
implicitly in '...', and now recycles lwd where it makes
sense, i.e. for line-based plot symbols.
o The png() and jpeg() devices (and the bmp() device ...
now allow a nominal resolution to be recorded in the file.
o New functions to control mapping from device-inde...
graphics font family to device-specific family:
postscriptFont() and postscriptFonts() (for both postscr...
and pdf()); X11Font() and X11Fonts(); windowsFont() and
windowsFonts(); quartzFont() and quartzFonts().
// o power (x^y) has optimised code for y == 2.
-- power(x^y) は y == 2 に最適された。
// o prcomp() is now generic, with a formula method (b...
// idea of Jari Oksanen).
-- prcomp() はジェネリックになり、formula メソッドを持っ...
prcomp() now has a simple predict() method.
// o printCoefmat() has a new logical argument 'signif...
-- printCoefmat() は新しい論理形の引数 'signif.legend' を...
// o quantile() has the option of several methods desc...
// Hyndman & Fan (1996). (Contributed by Rob Hyndman.)
-- quantile() は Hyndman & Fan (1996) に書かれているいく...
// o rank() has two new 'ties.method's, "min" and "max".
-- rank() は２つの新しい 'ties.method's、"min" と "max" ...
// o New function read.fortran() reads Fortran-style f...
// specifications.
--新関数 read.fortran() はフォートランスタイルの固定フォ...
o read.fwf() reads multiline records, is faster for l...
o read.table() now accepts "NULL", "factor", "Date" and
"POSIXct" as possible values of colClasses, and colClass...
be a named character vector.
o readChar() can now read strings with embedded nuls.
o The "dendrogram" method for reorder() now has a 'ag...
argument for specification of a weights agglomeration
function.
o New reorder() method for factors, slightly extendin...
lattice. Contributed by Deepayan Sarkar.
o Replaying a plot (with replayPlot() or via autoprin...
automagically opens a device if none is open.
o replayPlot() issues a warning if an attempt is made...
a plot that was recorded using a different R version (the
format for recorded plots is not guaranteed to be stable
across different R versions). The Windows-menu equivalent
(History...Get from variable) issues a similar warning.
o reshape() can handle multiple 'id' variables.
o It is now possible to specify colours with a full a...
transparency channel via the new 'alpha' argument to the
rgb() and hsv() functions, or as a string of the form "#...
NOTE: most devices draw nothing if a colour is not opaque,
but PDF and Quartz devices will render semitransparent c...
A new argument 'alpha' to the function col2rgb()
provides the ability to return the alpha component of
colours (as well as the red, green, and blue components).
o save() now checks that a binary connection is used.
o seek() on connections now accepts and returns a dou...
file position. This allows >2Gb files to be handled on a
64-bit platform (and some 32-bit platforms).
o source() with 'echo = TRUE' uses the function sourc...
when displaying commands as they are parsed.
o setClass() and its utilities now warn if either sup...
or classes for slots are undefined. (Use setOldClass to
register S3 classes for use as slots)
o str(obj) now displays more reasonably the STRucture...
It is also improved for language objects and lists with ...
components.
The method for class "dendrogram" has a new argument 'st...
indicates when it's not printing all levels (as typicall...
e.g., 'max.level = 2').
Specifying 'max.level = 0' now allows to suppress all bu...
level for hierarchical objects such as lists. This is di...
to previous behavior which was the default behavior of g...
levels is unchanged. The default behavior is unchanged ...
specified by 'max.level = NA'.
o system.time() has a new argument 'gcFirst' which, w...
forces a garbage collection before timing begins.
o tail() of a matrix now displays the original row nu...
o The default method for text() now coerces a factor ...
and not to its internal codes. This is incompatible with S
but seems what users would expect.
It now also recycles (x,y) to the length of 'labels' if ...
is longer. This is now compatible with grid.text() and
S. (See also PR#7084.)
o TukeyHSD() now labels comparisons when applied to an
interaction in an aov() fit. It detects non-factor term...
'which' and drops them if sensible to do so.
o There is now a replacement method for window(), to ...
range of values of time series to be replaced by specify...
start and end times (and optionally a frequency).
o If writeLines() is given a connection that is not o...
attempts to open it in mode = "wt" rather than the default
mode specified when creating the connection.
o The screen devices x11(), windows() and quartz() ha...
argument 'bg' to set the default background colour.
o Subassignments involving NAs and with a replacement...
length > 1 are now disallowed. (They were handled
inconsistently in R < 2.0.0, see PR#7210.) For data fra...
they are disallowed altogether, even for logical matrix ...
(the only case which used to work).
o The way the comparison operators handle a list argu...
been rationalized so a few more cases will now work -- see
?Comparison.
o Indexing a vector by a character vector was slow if...
vector and index were long (say 10,000). Now hashing is...
and the time should be linear in the longer of the lengths
(but more memory is used).
o Printing a character string with embedded nuls now ...
whole string, and non-printable characters are represent...
octal escape sequences.
o Objects created from a formally defined class now i...
name of the corresponding package as an attribute in the
object's class. This allows packages with namespaces to...
private (non-exported) classes.
// o Changes to package 'grid':
-- 'grid' パッケージの変更点:
- Calculation of number of circles to draw in circleGrob...
looks at length of y and r as well as length of x.
- Calculation of number of rectangles to draw in rectGro...
looks at length of y, w, and h as well as length of x.
- All primitives (rectangles, lines, text, ...) now handle
non-finite values (NA, Inf, -Inf, NaN) for locations and
sizes.
Non-finite values for locations, sizes, and scales of
viewports result in error messages.
There is a new vignette ("nonfinite") which describes ...
new behaviour.
- Fixed (unreported) bug in drawing circles. Now checks...
radius is non-negative.
- downViewport() now reports the depth it went down to f...
viewport. Handy for "going back" to where you started...
depth <- downViewport("vpname")
<draw stuff>
upViewport(depth)
- The "alpha" gpar() is now combined with the alpha chan...
colours when creating a gcontext as follows: (internal...
finalAlpha = gpar("alpha")*(R_ALPHA(col)/255)
This means that gpar(alpha=) settings now affect inter...
colours so grid alpha transparency settings now are se...
graphics devices.
The alpha setting is also cumulative. For example, ...
grid.rect(width=0.5, height=0.5,
gp=gpar(fill="blue")) # alpha = 1
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(alpha=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=0.25, gp=gpar(fill="red")) # alpha...
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(alpha=0.5)))
grid.rect(width=0.25, gp=gpar(fill="red")) # alpha ...
- Editing a gp slot in a grob is now incremental. For e...
grid.lines(name="line")
grid.edit("line", gp=gpar(col="red")) # line turns red
grid.edit("line", gp=gpar(lwd=3)) # line becomes thick
# AND STAYS red
- The "cex" gpar is now cumulative. For example ...
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 1
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(cex=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 0.5
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(cex=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 0.125 !!!
- New childNames() function to list the names of children
of a gTree.
- The "grep" and "global" arguments have been implemente...
grid.[add|edit|get|remove]Grob() functions.
The "grep" argument has also been implemented for the
grid.set() and setGrob().
- New function grid.grab() which creates a gTree from the
current display list (i.e., the current page of output...
be converted into a single gTree object with all grobs
on the current page as children of the gTree and all the
viewports used in drawing the current page in the chil...
slot of the gTree).
- New "lineend", "linejoin", and "linemitre" gpar()s:
line end can be "round", "butt", or "square".
line join can be "round", "mitre", or "bevel".
line mitre can be any number larger than 1
(controls when a mitre join gets turned into a bevel...
proportional to angle between lines at join;
very big number means that conversion only happens ...
that are almost parallel at join).
- New grid.prompt() function for controlling whether the...
prompted before starting a new page of output.
Grid no longer responds to the par(ask) setting in the...
package.
o The tcltk package has had the tkcmd() function rena...
tcl() since it could be used to invoke commands that had
nothing to do with Tk. The old name is retained, but wil...
deprecated in a future release. Similarly, we now have
tclopen(), tclclose(), tclread(), tclputs(), tclfile.tai...
and tclfile.dir() replacing counterparts starting with "...
with old names retained for now.
*ユーティリティー
o R CMD check now checks for file names in a director...
differ only by case.
o R CMD check now checks Rd files using R code from p...
and gives refined diagnostics about "likely" Rd problems...
top-level text which is silently discarded by Rdconv).
o R CMD INSTALL now fails for packages with incomplet...
DESCRIPTION metadata, using new code from package tools ...
also used by R CMD check.
o list_files_with_exts (package tools) now handles zi...
o Package 'tools' now provides Rd_parse(), a simple t...
parser/analyzer for R documentation format.
o tools::codoc() (and hence R CMD check) now checks a...
for registered S3 methods and unexported objects in pack...
with namespaces.
// o Package 'utils' contains several new functions:
-- 'utils' パッケージはいくつかの新しい関数を含んでいる：
- Generics toBibtex() and toLatex() for converting
R objects to BibTeX and LaTeX (but almost no methods y...
- A much improved citation() function which also has a p...
argument. By default the citation is auto-generated f...
the package DESCRIPTION, the file 'inst/CITATION' can be
used to override this, see help(citation) and
help(citEntry).
- sessionInfo() can be used to include version informati...
R and R packages in text or LaTeX documents.
* DOCUMENTATION
o The DVI and PDF manuals are now all made on the pap...
by R_PAPERSIZE (default 'a4'), even the .texi manuals wh...
were made on US letter paper in previous versions.
// o The reference manual now omits 'internal' help pa...
-- リファレンスマニュアルは internal ヘルプページを省略し...
o There is a new help page shown by help("Memory-limi...
documents the current design limitations on large objects.
o The format of the LaTeX version of the documentatio...
changed. The old format is still accepted, but only the...
resolves cross-references to object names containing _, ...
example.
o HTML help pages now contain a reference to the pack...
version in the footer, and HTML package index pages give...
name and version at the top.
// o All manuals in the 2.x series have new ISBN numbe...
-- 2.x シリーズのすべてのマニュアルは新しい ISBN 番号をも...
o The 'R Data Import/Export' manual has been revised ...
new chapter on `Reading Excel spreadsheets'.
*C-レベルの機能
o The PACKAGE argument for .C/.Call/.Fortran/.Externa...
omitted if the call is within code within a package with a
namespace. This ensures that the native routine being c...
is found in the DLL of the correct version of the packag...
multiple versions of a package are loaded in the R sessi...
Using a namespace and omitting the PACKAGE argument is
currently the only way to ensure that the correct versio...
used.
// o The header Rmath.h contains a definition for R_VE...
// which can be used to track different versions of R and...
-- Rmath.h ヘッダーファイルは、R と libRmath のことなった...
o The Makefile in src/nmath/standalone now has 'insta...
'uninstall' targets -- see the README file in that direc...
o More of the header files, including Rinternals.h, R...
Rversion.h, are now suitable for calling directly from C...
o Configure looks to a suitable option for inlining...
made available as macro R_INLINE: see `Writing R Extensi...
for further details.
*削除された機能
o Direct use of R INSTALL|REMOVE|BATCH|COMPILE|SHLIB ...
removed: use R CMD instead.
o La.eigen(), tetragamma(), pentagamma(), package.con...
package.description() are defunct.
o The undocumented function newestVersion() is no lon...
from package utils. (Mainly because it was not complete...
o C-level entry point ptr_R_GetX11Image has been remo...
was replaced by R_GetX11Image at 1.7.0.
o The undocumented C-level entry point R_IsNaNorNA ha...
removed. It was used in a couple of packages, and shoul...
replaced by a call to the documented macro ISNAN.
o The gnome/GNOME graphics device is now defunct.
*インストール法の変更
o Arithmetic supporting +/-Inf, NaNs and the IEC 6055...
IEEE 754) standard is now required -- the partial and of...
untested support for more limited arithmetic has been re...
The C99 macro isfinite is used in preference to finite i...
(and its correct functioning is checked at configure tim...
Where isfinite or finite is available and works, it is u...
the substitution value for R_FINITE. On some platforms ...
leads to a performance gain. (This applies to compiled ...
in packages only for isfinite.)
o The dynamic libraries libR and libRlapack are now i...
R_HOME/lib rather than R_HOME/bin.
o When --enable-R-shlib is specified, the R executabl...
small executable linked against libR: see the R-admin ma...
for further discussion. The 'extra' libraries bzip2, pc...
xdr and zlib are now compiled in a way that allows the c...
be included in a shared library only if this option is
specified, which might improve performance when it is not.
// o The main R executable is now R_HOME/exec/R not R_...
// ease issues on MacOS X. (The location is needed when ...
// core dumps, on other platforms.)
-- メインの R 実行ファイルは、Mac OS X での問題をかんたん...
o Configure now tests for 'inline' and alternatives, ...
src/extra/bzip2 code now (potentially) uses inlining where
available and not just under gcc.
o The XPG4 sed is used on Solaris for forming depende...
which should now be done correctly.
o Makeinfo 4.5 or later is now required for building ...
Info versions of the manuals. However, binary distribut...
need to be made with 4.7 or later to ensure some of the
links are correct.
// o f2c is not allowed on 64-bit platforms, as it use...
// Fortran integers.
-- f2c は、long を Fortran の 整数としてつかうので、64ビ...
o There are new options on how to make the PDF versio...
reference manual -- see the 'R Administration and Instal...
Manual' section 2.2.
o The concatenated Rd files in the installed 'man' di...
now compressed and the R CMD check routines can read the
compressed files.
o There is a new configure option --enable-linux-lf...
build R with support for > 2Gb files on suitably recent ...
Linux systems.
* パッケージのインストール法の変更
o The DESCRIPTION file of packages may contain a 'Imp...
field for packages whose namespaces are used but do not ...
to be attached. Such packages should no longer be liste...
'Depends:'.
o There are new optional fields 'SaveImage', 'LazyLoa...
'LazyData' in the DESCRIPTION file. Using 'SaveImage' is
preferred to using an empty file 'install.R'.
o A package can contain a file 'R/sysdata.rda' to con...
system datasets to be lazy-loaded into the namespace/pac...
environment.
o The packages listed in 'Depends' are now loaded bef...
is loaded (or its image is saved or it is prepared for l...
loading). This means that almost all uses of R_PROFILE....
install.R are now unnecessary.
o If installation of any package in a bundle fails, R...
INSTALL will back out the installation of all of the bun...
not just the failed package (on both Unix and Windows).
*バグフィックス
o Complex superassignments were wrong when a variable...
name existed locally, and were not documented in R-lang.
o rbind.data.frame() dropped names/rownames from colu...
but the first data frame.
o The dimnames<- method for data.frames was not check...
validity of the row names.
// o Various memory leaks reported by valgrind have be...
-- さまざまなメモリーリークが valgrind がプラグされたこと...
o gzcon() connections would sometimes read the crc by...
the wrong place, possibly uninitialized memory.
o Rd.sty contained a length ?middle that was not need...
revision in July 2000. It caused problems with LaTeX sys...
based on e-TeX which are starting to appear.
o save() to a connection did not check that the conne...
open for writing, nor that non-ascii saves cannot be mad...
text-mode connection.
o phyper() uses a new algorithm based on Morten Welin...
report (PR#6772). This leads to faster code for large a...
and more precise code, e.g. for phyper(59, 150,150, 60, ...
This also fixes bug (PR#7064) about fisher.test().
o print.default(*, gap = <n>) now in principle accept...
non-negative values <n>.
o smooth.spline(...)$pen.crit had a typo in its compu...
note this was printed in print.smooth.spline(*) but not ...
other "smooth.spline" methods.
o write.table() handles zero-row and zero-column inpu...
o debug() works on trivial functions instead of crash...
o eval() could alter a data.frame/list second argumen...
with(trees, Girth[1] <- NA) altered 'trees' (and any cop...
'trees' too).
o cor() could corrupt memory when the standard deviat...
zero. (PR#7037)
o inverse.gaussian() always printed 1/mu^2 as the lin...
o constrOptim() now passes ... arguments through opti...
objective function.
o object.size() now has a better estimate for charact...
it was in general too low (but only significantly so for
very short character strings) but over-estimated NA and
duplicated elements.
o quantile() now interpolates correctly between finit...
infinite values (giving +/-Inf rather than NaN).
o library() now gives more informative error messages...
the package being loaded.
o Building the reference manual no longer uses roman ...
quotes in typewriter output.
o model.frame() no longer builds invalid data frames ...
data contains time series and rows are omitted by na.act...
o write.table() did not escape quotes in column names...
o Range checks missing in recursive assignments using...
o packageStatus() reported partially-installed bundle...
installed.
o apply() failed on an array of dimension >=3 when fo...
iteration the function returns a named vector of length ...
(PR#7205)
o The GNOME interface was in some circumstances faili...
from a menu -- it needed to always specify that R be int...
o depMtrxToStrings (part of pkgDepends) applied nrow(...
non-matrix and aborted on the result.
o Fix some issues with nonsyntactical names in modell...
(PR#7202), relating to backquoting. There are likely mo...
o Support for S4 classes that extend basic classes ha...
in several ways. as() methods and x@.Data should work b...
o hist() and pretty() accept (and ignore) infinite va...
o It is no longer possible to call gzcon() more than ...
connection.
o t.test() now detects nearly-constant input data. (...
o mle() had problems if ndeps or parscale was supplie...
control arguments for optim(). Also, the profiler is no...
careful to reevaluate modified mle() calls in its parent
environment.
o Fix to rendering of accented superscripts and subsc...
expression((b[dot(a)])). (Patch from Uwe Ligges.)
// o attach(*, pos=1) now gives a warning (and will giv...
--attach(*, pos=1) はワーニングを出し（エラーも出すであろ...
// o power.*test() now gives an error when 'sig.level'...
--power.*test() は 'sig.level' が [0,1] の外側にある時に...
(PR#7245)
o Fitting a binomial glm with a matrix response lost ...
the response, which should have been transferred to the
residuals and fitted values.
o print.ts() could get the year wrong because round...
(PR#7255)
終了行:
SIZE(15){COLOR(magenta){R 2.0.0 の新機能・変更点}}
// なかお (2004.9.5)
r-announce に[[投稿された変更サマリー:https://stat.ethz.c...
#contents
*ユーザーの目に見える変更
// o The stub packages from 1.9.x have been removed: t...
// function selects the new home for their code.
-- stub パッケージが 1.9.x からとりのぞかれた。library() ...
// o `Lazy loading' of R code has been implemented, and...
// the standard and recommended packages by default. Rat...
// keep R objects in memory, they are kept in a database ...
// and only loaded on first use. This accelerates startu...
// to 40% of the time for 1.9.x) and reduces memory usage...
// latter is probably unimportant of itself, but reduces
// commensurately the time spent in garbage collection.
-- コードの「レイジーロード」が実装され、標準パッケージと...
// Packages are by default installed using lazy loading i...
// have more than 25Kb of R code and did not use a saved ...
// This can be overridden by INSTALL --[no-]lazy or via a...
// in the DESCRIPTION file. Note that as with --save, an...
// packages which are required must be already installed.
25kb 以上の R コードで保存されたイメージを利用しないなら...
// As the lazy-loading databases will be consulted often, R
// will be slower if run from a slow network-mounted disc.
レイジーローディングデータセットが閲覧されるとき、遅いネ...
// o All the datasets formerly in packages 'base' and ...
// been moved to a new package 'datasets'. data() does the
// appropriate substitution, with a warning. However, ca...
// data() are not normally needed as the data objects are...
// in the 'datasets' package.
-- base パッケージと stats パッケージにかつてあったすべて...
// Packages can be installed to make their data objects v...
// via R CMD INSTALL --lazy-data or via a field in the
// DESCRIPTION file.
パッケージは R CMD INSTALL --lazy-data または DESCRIPTION...
// o Package 'graphics' has been split into 'grDevices...
// devices shared between base and grid graphics) and 'gr...
// (base graphics). Each of the 'graphics' and 'grid' pa...
// load 'grDevices' when they are attached. Note that
// ps.options() has been moved to grDevices and user hook...
// need to be updated.
-- graphics パッケージは grDevices （基本とグリッドグラフ...
// o The semantics of data() have changed (and were in...
// documented in recent releases) and the function has be...
// to package 'utils'. Please read the help page careful...
// you use the 'package' or 'lib.loc' arguments.
-- （最近のリリースで誤って文書化されていた）data() のセ...
// data() now lists datasets, and not just names which da...
data() はデータセットをリストアップし、？？
// o Dataset 'phones' has been renamed to 'WorldPhones'.
-- データセット phones は WorldPhones にリネームされた。
// o Datasets 'sunspot.month' and 'sunspot.year' are a...
// separately but not via data(sunspot) (which was used b...
// lattice to retrieve a dataset 'sunspot').
-- データセット sunspot.month と sunspot.year は単独で利...
// o Packages must have been re-installed for this ver...
// library() will enforce this.
-- このバージョンのためにパッケージは再インストールされな...
// o Package names must now be given exactly in librar...
// require(), regardless of whether the underlying file s...
// case-sensitive or not. So 'library(mass)' will not wor...
// on Windows.
-- ファイルシステムがケースセンシティブかそうではないかに...
// o R no longer accepts associative use of relational...
// That is, 3 < 2 < 1 (which used to evalute as TRUE!) no...
// a syntax error. If this breaks existing code, just add
// parentheses -- or braces in the case of plotmath.
-- R は比較演算子の結合利用を受付なくなった。すなわち、3 ...
// o The R parser now allows multiline strings, withou...
// the newlines with backslashes (the old method still wo...
// Patch by Mark Bravington.
-- R パーザーは、バックスラッシュによる改行（newline）の...
*新しい機能
// o There is a new atomic vector type, class "raw". ...
// full details including the operators and utility funct...
-- あたらしいアトミックベクタータイプ、raw クラス。提供さ...
// o The default barplot() method by default uses a
// gamma-corrected grey palette (rather than the heat color
// palette) for coloring its output when given a matrix.
-- デフォルトの barplot() メソッドは、デフォルトでは行列...
o The 'formula' method for boxplot() has a 'na.action...
defaulting to NULL. This is mainly useful if the response
is a matrix when the previous default of 'na.omit' would...
entire rows. (Related to PR#6846.)
boxplot() and bxp() now obey global 'par' settings and a...
allow the specification of graphical options in more det...
compatibly with S-PLUS (fulfilling wishlist entry PR#6832)
thanks to contributions from Arni Magnusson. For consis...
'boxwex' is not an explicit argument anymore.
// o chull() has been moved to package graphics (as it...
-- chull() は graphics パッケージに移された（これは chull...
// o There is now a coef() method for summaries of "nl...
-- "nls" オブジェクトのサマリには coef() メソッドがある。
// o compareVersion(), packageDescription() and read.0...
// have been moved to package 'utils'.
-- compareVersion(), packageDescription() および read.00I...
// o convolve(), fft(), mvfft() and nextn() have been ...
// package stats.
-- convolve(), fft(), mvfft() および nextn() は、stats パ...
// o coplot() now makes use of cex.lab and font.lab pa...
-- coplot() は cex.lab and font.lab par() の設定を利用で...
// o cumsum/prod/max/min() now preserve names.
-- cumsum/prod/max/min() で名前が保持される。
o data(), .path.packages() and .find.packages() now i...
package = NULL to mean all loaded packages.
o data.frame() and its replacement methods remove the...
vector columns. Using I() will ensure that names are
preserved.
o data.frame(check.names = TRUE) (the default) enforc...
names, as S does.
o .Defunct() now has 'new' and 'package' arguments li...
.Deprecated().
o The plot() method for "dendrogram" objects now resp...
nodePar and edgePar settings and for edge labeling compu...
extents of the diamond more correctly.
o deparse(), dput() and dump() have a new 'control' a...
control the level of detail when deparsing. dump() defa...
the most detail, the others default to less. See ?.depa...
for the details.
They now evaluate promises by default: see ?dump for det...
// o dir.create() now expands '~' in filenames.
-- dir.create() はファイル名のなかの ~（ティルダ）を展開...
o download.file() has a new progress meter (under Uni...
length of the file is known -- it uses 50 equals signs.
o dyn.load() and library.dynam() return an object des...
DLL that was loaded. For packages with namespaces, the ...
objects are stored in a list within the namespace.
o New function eapply() - apply for environments. Th...
function is applied to each element of the environment; ...
of application is not specified.
o edit() and fix() use the object name in the window ...
some platforms (e.g. Windows).
// o Function file.edit() function added: like file.sh...
// allows editing.
--file.edit() 関数が追加された。file.show() と同じだが編...
// o Function file.info() can return file sizes > 2G i...
// underlying OS supports such.
--file.info() 関数はOSがサポートしいれば２ギガ以上の情報...
// o fisher.test(*, conf.int=FALSE) allows the confide...
// computation to be skipped.
-- fisher.test(*, conf.int=FALSE) は信頼区間の計算飛ばし...
o formula() methods for classes "lm" and "glm" used t...
formula (with '.' expanded) from the terms component.
o The `formula' method for ftable() now looks for var...
environment of the formula before the usual search path.
o A new function getDLLRegisteredRoutines() returns i...
about the routines available from a DLL that were explic...
registered with R's dynamic loading facilities.
o A new function getLoadedDLLs() returns information ...
DLLs that are currently loaded within this session.
o The package element returned by getNativeSymbolInfo...
reference to both the internal object used to resolve sy...
with the DLL, and the internal DllInfo structure used to
represent the DLL within R.
o help() now returns information about available docu...
a given topic, and notifies about multiple matches. It ...
separate print() method.
If the latex help files were not installed, help() will ...
to create a latex file on-the-fly from the installed .Rd...
// o heatmap() has a new argument 'reorderfun'.
-- heatmap() はreorderfun引数をもつようになった。
o Most versions of install.packages() have an new opt...
argument 'dependencies = TRUE' which will not only fetch...
packages but also their uninstalled dependencies and their
dependencies ....
The Unix version of install.packages() attempts to install
packages in an order that reflects their dependencies. (...
is not needed for binary installs as used under Windows.)
// o interaction() has new argument 'sep'.
-- interaction() は sep 引数を持つようになった。
o interaction.plot() allows 'type = "b"' and doesn't ...
warnings when passed a matplot()-only argument such as '...
o is.integer() and is.numeric() always return FALSE f...
factor. (Previously they were true and false respective...
well-formed factors, but it is possible to create factors
with non-integer codes by underhand means.)
o New functions is.leaf(), dendrapply() and a labels(...
dendrogram objects.
o legend() has an argument 'pt.lwd' and setting 'dens...
because 'angle' now defaults to 45 (mostly contributed b...
o library() now checks the version dependence (if any...
required packages mentioned in the Depends: field of the
DESCRIPTION file.
o load() now detects and gives a warning (rather than...
for empty input, and tries to detect (but not correct) f...
which have had LF replaced by CR.
o ls.str() and lsf.str() now return an object of clas...
has a print method.
o make.names() has a new argument allow_, which if fa...
its behaviour in R 1.8.1 to be reproduced.
o The 'formula' method for mosaicplot() has a 'na.act...
defaulting to 'na.omit'.
o model.frame() now warns if it is given data = newda...
creates a model frame with a different number of rows from
that implied by the size of 'newdata'.
Time series attributes are never copied to variables in ...
model frame unless na.action = NULL. (This was always the
intention, but they sometimes were as the result of an e...
bug fix.)
o There is a new 'padj' argument to mtext() and axis().
Code patch provided by Uwe Ligges (fixes PR#1659 and PR#...
// o Function package.dependencies() has been moved to...
-- package.dependencies() 関数は 'tools' パッケージに移さ...
o The 'formula' method for pairs() has a 'na.action' ...
defaulting to 'na.pass', rather than the value of
getOption("na.action").
// o There are five new par() settings:
-- ５個のあたらしい par() 設定値が導入された：
'family' can be used to specify a font family for graphics
text. This is a device-independent family specification
which gets mapped by the graphics device to a device-spe...
font specification (see, for example, postscriptFonts()).
Currently, only PostScript, PDF, X11, Quartz, and Windows
respond to this setting.
'lend', 'ljoin', and 'lmitre' control the cap style and
join style for drawing lines (only noticeable on thick l...
or borders). Currently, only PostScript, PDF, X11, and ...
respond to these settings.
'lheight' is a multiplier used in determining the vertical
spacing of multi-line text.
All of these settings are currently only available via p...
(i.e., not in-line as arguments to plot(), lines(), ...)
// o PCRE (as used by grep etc) has been updated to ve...
-- grep などに利用される PCRE はバージョン 5.0 にアップデ...
// o A 'version' argument has been added to pdf() devi...
// set to "1.4", the device will support transparent colo...
-- pdf() デバイスに引数 'version' が追加された。この引数...
o plot.xy(), the workhorse function of points(), line...
plot.default() now has 'lwd' as explicit argument instea...
implicitly in '...', and now recycles lwd where it makes
sense, i.e. for line-based plot symbols.
o The png() and jpeg() devices (and the bmp() device ...
now allow a nominal resolution to be recorded in the file.
o New functions to control mapping from device-inde...
graphics font family to device-specific family:
postscriptFont() and postscriptFonts() (for both postscr...
and pdf()); X11Font() and X11Fonts(); windowsFont() and
windowsFonts(); quartzFont() and quartzFonts().
// o power (x^y) has optimised code for y == 2.
-- power(x^y) は y == 2 に最適された。
// o prcomp() is now generic, with a formula method (b...
// idea of Jari Oksanen).
-- prcomp() はジェネリックになり、formula メソッドを持っ...
prcomp() now has a simple predict() method.
// o printCoefmat() has a new logical argument 'signif...
-- printCoefmat() は新しい論理形の引数 'signif.legend' を...
// o quantile() has the option of several methods desc...
// Hyndman & Fan (1996). (Contributed by Rob Hyndman.)
-- quantile() は Hyndman & Fan (1996) に書かれているいく...
// o rank() has two new 'ties.method's, "min" and "max".
-- rank() は２つの新しい 'ties.method's、"min" と "max" ...
// o New function read.fortran() reads Fortran-style f...
// specifications.
--新関数 read.fortran() はフォートランスタイルの固定フォ...
o read.fwf() reads multiline records, is faster for l...
o read.table() now accepts "NULL", "factor", "Date" and
"POSIXct" as possible values of colClasses, and colClass...
be a named character vector.
o readChar() can now read strings with embedded nuls.
o The "dendrogram" method for reorder() now has a 'ag...
argument for specification of a weights agglomeration
function.
o New reorder() method for factors, slightly extendin...
lattice. Contributed by Deepayan Sarkar.
o Replaying a plot (with replayPlot() or via autoprin...
automagically opens a device if none is open.
o replayPlot() issues a warning if an attempt is made...
a plot that was recorded using a different R version (the
format for recorded plots is not guaranteed to be stable
across different R versions). The Windows-menu equivalent
(History...Get from variable) issues a similar warning.
o reshape() can handle multiple 'id' variables.
o It is now possible to specify colours with a full a...
transparency channel via the new 'alpha' argument to the
rgb() and hsv() functions, or as a string of the form "#...
NOTE: most devices draw nothing if a colour is not opaque,
but PDF and Quartz devices will render semitransparent c...
A new argument 'alpha' to the function col2rgb()
provides the ability to return the alpha component of
colours (as well as the red, green, and blue components).
o save() now checks that a binary connection is used.
o seek() on connections now accepts and returns a dou...
file position. This allows >2Gb files to be handled on a
64-bit platform (and some 32-bit platforms).
o source() with 'echo = TRUE' uses the function sourc...
when displaying commands as they are parsed.
o setClass() and its utilities now warn if either sup...
or classes for slots are undefined. (Use setOldClass to
register S3 classes for use as slots)
o str(obj) now displays more reasonably the STRucture...
It is also improved for language objects and lists with ...
components.
The method for class "dendrogram" has a new argument 'st...
indicates when it's not printing all levels (as typicall...
e.g., 'max.level = 2').
Specifying 'max.level = 0' now allows to suppress all bu...
level for hierarchical objects such as lists. This is di...
to previous behavior which was the default behavior of g...
levels is unchanged. The default behavior is unchanged ...
specified by 'max.level = NA'.
o system.time() has a new argument 'gcFirst' which, w...
forces a garbage collection before timing begins.
o tail() of a matrix now displays the original row nu...
o The default method for text() now coerces a factor ...
and not to its internal codes. This is incompatible with S
but seems what users would expect.
It now also recycles (x,y) to the length of 'labels' if ...
is longer. This is now compatible with grid.text() and
S. (See also PR#7084.)
o TukeyHSD() now labels comparisons when applied to an
interaction in an aov() fit. It detects non-factor term...
'which' and drops them if sensible to do so.
o There is now a replacement method for window(), to ...
range of values of time series to be replaced by specify...
start and end times (and optionally a frequency).
o If writeLines() is given a connection that is not o...
attempts to open it in mode = "wt" rather than the default
mode specified when creating the connection.
o The screen devices x11(), windows() and quartz() ha...
argument 'bg' to set the default background colour.
o Subassignments involving NAs and with a replacement...
length > 1 are now disallowed. (They were handled
inconsistently in R < 2.0.0, see PR#7210.) For data fra...
they are disallowed altogether, even for logical matrix ...
(the only case which used to work).
o The way the comparison operators handle a list argu...
been rationalized so a few more cases will now work -- see
?Comparison.
o Indexing a vector by a character vector was slow if...
vector and index were long (say 10,000). Now hashing is...
and the time should be linear in the longer of the lengths
(but more memory is used).
o Printing a character string with embedded nuls now ...
whole string, and non-printable characters are represent...
octal escape sequences.
o Objects created from a formally defined class now i...
name of the corresponding package as an attribute in the
object's class. This allows packages with namespaces to...
private (non-exported) classes.
// o Changes to package 'grid':
-- 'grid' パッケージの変更点:
- Calculation of number of circles to draw in circleGrob...
looks at length of y and r as well as length of x.
- Calculation of number of rectangles to draw in rectGro...
looks at length of y, w, and h as well as length of x.
- All primitives (rectangles, lines, text, ...) now handle
non-finite values (NA, Inf, -Inf, NaN) for locations and
sizes.
Non-finite values for locations, sizes, and scales of
viewports result in error messages.
There is a new vignette ("nonfinite") which describes ...
new behaviour.
- Fixed (unreported) bug in drawing circles. Now checks...
radius is non-negative.
- downViewport() now reports the depth it went down to f...
viewport. Handy for "going back" to where you started...
depth <- downViewport("vpname")
<draw stuff>
upViewport(depth)
- The "alpha" gpar() is now combined with the alpha chan...
colours when creating a gcontext as follows: (internal...
finalAlpha = gpar("alpha")*(R_ALPHA(col)/255)
This means that gpar(alpha=) settings now affect inter...
colours so grid alpha transparency settings now are se...
graphics devices.
The alpha setting is also cumulative. For example, ...
grid.rect(width=0.5, height=0.5,
gp=gpar(fill="blue")) # alpha = 1
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(alpha=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=0.25, gp=gpar(fill="red")) # alpha...
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(alpha=0.5)))
grid.rect(width=0.25, gp=gpar(fill="red")) # alpha ...
- Editing a gp slot in a grob is now incremental. For e...
grid.lines(name="line")
grid.edit("line", gp=gpar(col="red")) # line turns red
grid.edit("line", gp=gpar(lwd=3)) # line becomes thick
# AND STAYS red
- The "cex" gpar is now cumulative. For example ...
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 1
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(cex=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 0.5
pushViewport(viewport(gp=gpar(cex=0.5)))
grid.rect(height=unit(4, "char")) # cex = 0.125 !!!
- New childNames() function to list the names of children
of a gTree.
- The "grep" and "global" arguments have been implemente...
grid.[add|edit|get|remove]Grob() functions.
The "grep" argument has also been implemented for the
grid.set() and setGrob().
- New function grid.grab() which creates a gTree from the
current display list (i.e., the current page of output...
be converted into a single gTree object with all grobs
on the current page as children of the gTree and all the
viewports used in drawing the current page in the chil...
slot of the gTree).
- New "lineend", "linejoin", and "linemitre" gpar()s:
line end can be "round", "butt", or "square".
line join can be "round", "mitre", or "bevel".
line mitre can be any number larger than 1
(controls when a mitre join gets turned into a bevel...
proportional to angle between lines at join;
very big number means that conversion only happens ...
that are almost parallel at join).
- New grid.prompt() function for controlling whether the...
prompted before starting a new page of output.
Grid no longer responds to the par(ask) setting in the...
package.
o The tcltk package has had the tkcmd() function rena...
tcl() since it could be used to invoke commands that had
nothing to do with Tk. The old name is retained, but wil...
deprecated in a future release. Similarly, we now have
tclopen(), tclclose(), tclread(), tclputs(), tclfile.tai...
and tclfile.dir() replacing counterparts starting with "...
with old names retained for now.
*ユーティリティー
o R CMD check now checks for file names in a director...
differ only by case.
o R CMD check now checks Rd files using R code from p...
and gives refined diagnostics about "likely" Rd problems...
top-level text which is silently discarded by Rdconv).
o R CMD INSTALL now fails for packages with incomplet...
DESCRIPTION metadata, using new code from package tools ...
also used by R CMD check.
o list_files_with_exts (package tools) now handles zi...
o Package 'tools' now provides Rd_parse(), a simple t...
parser/analyzer for R documentation format.
o tools::codoc() (and hence R CMD check) now checks a...
for registered S3 methods and unexported objects in pack...
with namespaces.
// o Package 'utils' contains several new functions:
-- 'utils' パッケージはいくつかの新しい関数を含んでいる：
- Generics toBibtex() and toLatex() for converting
R objects to BibTeX and LaTeX (but almost no methods y...
- A much improved citation() function which also has a p...
argument. By default the citation is auto-generated f...
the package DESCRIPTION, the file 'inst/CITATION' can be
used to override this, see help(citation) and
help(citEntry).
- sessionInfo() can be used to include version informati...
R and R packages in text or LaTeX documents.
* DOCUMENTATION
o The DVI and PDF manuals are now all made on the pap...
by R_PAPERSIZE (default 'a4'), even the .texi manuals wh...
were made on US letter paper in previous versions.
// o The reference manual now omits 'internal' help pa...
-- リファレンスマニュアルは internal ヘルプページを省略し...
o There is a new help page shown by help("Memory-limi...
documents the current design limitations on large objects.
o The format of the LaTeX version of the documentatio...
changed. The old format is still accepted, but only the...
resolves cross-references to object names containing _, ...
example.
o HTML help pages now contain a reference to the pack...
version in the footer, and HTML package index pages give...
name and version at the top.
// o All manuals in the 2.x series have new ISBN numbe...
-- 2.x シリーズのすべてのマニュアルは新しい ISBN 番号をも...
o The 'R Data Import/Export' manual has been revised ...
new chapter on `Reading Excel spreadsheets'.
*C-レベルの機能
o The PACKAGE argument for .C/.Call/.Fortran/.Externa...
omitted if the call is within code within a package with a
namespace. This ensures that the native routine being c...
is found in the DLL of the correct version of the packag...
multiple versions of a package are loaded in the R sessi...
Using a namespace and omitting the PACKAGE argument is
currently the only way to ensure that the correct versio...
used.
// o The header Rmath.h contains a definition for R_VE...
// which can be used to track different versions of R and...
-- Rmath.h ヘッダーファイルは、R と libRmath のことなった...
o The Makefile in src/nmath/standalone now has 'insta...
'uninstall' targets -- see the README file in that direc...
o More of the header files, including Rinternals.h, R...
Rversion.h, are now suitable for calling directly from C...
o Configure looks to a suitable option for inlining...
made available as macro R_INLINE: see `Writing R Extensi...
for further details.
*削除された機能
o Direct use of R INSTALL|REMOVE|BATCH|COMPILE|SHLIB ...
removed: use R CMD instead.
o La.eigen(), tetragamma(), pentagamma(), package.con...
package.description() are defunct.
o The undocumented function newestVersion() is no lon...
from package utils. (Mainly because it was not complete...
o C-level entry point ptr_R_GetX11Image has been remo...
was replaced by R_GetX11Image at 1.7.0.
o The undocumented C-level entry point R_IsNaNorNA ha...
removed. It was used in a couple of packages, and shoul...
replaced by a call to the documented macro ISNAN.
o The gnome/GNOME graphics device is now defunct.
*インストール法の変更
o Arithmetic supporting +/-Inf, NaNs and the IEC 6055...
IEEE 754) standard is now required -- the partial and of...
untested support for more limited arithmetic has been re...
The C99 macro isfinite is used in preference to finite i...
(and its correct functioning is checked at configure tim...
Where isfinite or finite is available and works, it is u...
the substitution value for R_FINITE. On some platforms ...
leads to a performance gain. (This applies to compiled ...
in packages only for isfinite.)
o The dynamic libraries libR and libRlapack are now i...
R_HOME/lib rather than R_HOME/bin.
o When --enable-R-shlib is specified, the R executabl...
small executable linked against libR: see the R-admin ma...
for further discussion. The 'extra' libraries bzip2, pc...
xdr and zlib are now compiled in a way that allows the c...
be included in a shared library only if this option is
specified, which might improve performance when it is not.
// o The main R executable is now R_HOME/exec/R not R_...
// ease issues on MacOS X. (The location is needed when ...
// core dumps, on other platforms.)
-- メインの R 実行ファイルは、Mac OS X での問題をかんたん...
o Configure now tests for 'inline' and alternatives, ...
src/extra/bzip2 code now (potentially) uses inlining where
available and not just under gcc.
o The XPG4 sed is used on Solaris for forming depende...
which should now be done correctly.
o Makeinfo 4.5 or later is now required for building ...
Info versions of the manuals. However, binary distribut...
need to be made with 4.7 or later to ensure some of the
links are correct.
// o f2c is not allowed on 64-bit platforms, as it use...
// Fortran integers.
-- f2c は、long を Fortran の 整数としてつかうので、64ビ...
o There are new options on how to make the PDF versio...
reference manual -- see the 'R Administration and Instal...
Manual' section 2.2.
o The concatenated Rd files in the installed 'man' di...
now compressed and the R CMD check routines can read the
compressed files.
o There is a new configure option --enable-linux-lf...
build R with support for > 2Gb files on suitably recent ...
Linux systems.
* パッケージのインストール法の変更
o The DESCRIPTION file of packages may contain a 'Imp...
field for packages whose namespaces are used but do not ...
to be attached. Such packages should no longer be liste...
'Depends:'.
o There are new optional fields 'SaveImage', 'LazyLoa...
'LazyData' in the DESCRIPTION file. Using 'SaveImage' is
preferred to using an empty file 'install.R'.
o A package can contain a file 'R/sysdata.rda' to con...
system datasets to be lazy-loaded into the namespace/pac...
environment.
o The packages listed in 'Depends' are now loaded bef...
is loaded (or its image is saved or it is prepared for l...
loading). This means that almost all uses of R_PROFILE....
install.R are now unnecessary.
o If installation of any package in a bundle fails, R...
INSTALL will back out the installation of all of the bun...
not just the failed package (on both Unix and Windows).
*バグフィックス
o Complex superassignments were wrong when a variable...
name existed locally, and were not documented in R-lang.
o rbind.data.frame() dropped names/rownames from colu...
but the first data frame.
o The dimnames<- method for data.frames was not check...
validity of the row names.
// o Various memory leaks reported by valgrind have be...
-- さまざまなメモリーリークが valgrind がプラグされたこと...
o gzcon() connections would sometimes read the crc by...
the wrong place, possibly uninitialized memory.
o Rd.sty contained a length ?middle that was not need...
revision in July 2000. It caused problems with LaTeX sys...
based on e-TeX which are starting to appear.
o save() to a connection did not check that the conne...
open for writing, nor that non-ascii saves cannot be mad...
text-mode connection.
o phyper() uses a new algorithm based on Morten Welin...
report (PR#6772). This leads to faster code for large a...
and more precise code, e.g. for phyper(59, 150,150, 60, ...
This also fixes bug (PR#7064) about fisher.test().
o print.default(*, gap = <n>) now in principle accept...
non-negative values <n>.
o smooth.spline(...)$pen.crit had a typo in its compu...
note this was printed in print.smooth.spline(*) but not ...
other "smooth.spline" methods.
o write.table() handles zero-row and zero-column inpu...
o debug() works on trivial functions instead of crash...
o eval() could alter a data.frame/list second argumen...
with(trees, Girth[1] <- NA) altered 'trees' (and any cop...
'trees' too).
o cor() could corrupt memory when the standard deviat...
zero. (PR#7037)
o inverse.gaussian() always printed 1/mu^2 as the lin...
o constrOptim() now passes ... arguments through opti...
objective function.
o object.size() now has a better estimate for charact...
it was in general too low (but only significantly so for
very short character strings) but over-estimated NA and
duplicated elements.
o quantile() now interpolates correctly between finit...
infinite values (giving +/-Inf rather than NaN).
o library() now gives more informative error messages...
the package being loaded.
o Building the reference manual no longer uses roman ...
quotes in typewriter output.
o model.frame() no longer builds invalid data frames ...
data contains time series and rows are omitted by na.act...
o write.table() did not escape quotes in column names...
o Range checks missing in recursive assignments using...
o packageStatus() reported partially-installed bundle...
installed.
o apply() failed on an array of dimension >=3 when fo...
iteration the function returns a named vector of length ...
(PR#7205)
o The GNOME interface was in some circumstances faili...
from a menu -- it needed to always specify that R be int...
o depMtrxToStrings (part of pkgDepends) applied nrow(...
non-matrix and aborted on the result.
o Fix some issues with nonsyntactical names in modell...
(PR#7202), relating to backquoting. There are likely mo...
o Support for S4 classes that extend basic classes ha...
in several ways. as() methods and x@.Data should work b...
o hist() and pretty() accept (and ignore) infinite va...
o It is no longer possible to call gzcon() more than ...
connection.
o t.test() now detects nearly-constant input data. (...
o mle() had problems if ndeps or parscale was supplie...
control arguments for optim(). Also, the profiler is no...
careful to reevaluate modified mle() calls in its parent
environment.
o Fix to rendering of accented superscripts and subsc...
expression((b[dot(a)])). (Patch from Uwe Ligges.)
// o attach(*, pos=1) now gives a warning (and will giv...
--attach(*, pos=1) はワーニングを出し（エラーも出すであろ...
// o power.*test() now gives an error when 'sig.level'...
--power.*test() は 'sig.level' が [0,1] の外側にある時に...
(PR#7245)
o Fitting a binomial glm with a matrix response lost ...
the response, which should have been transferred to the
residuals and fitted values.
o print.ts() could get the year wrong because round...
(PR#7255)
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